1,6 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book I. 



From this comparlfon naturally arifes another comparlfcn, but 

 which it does not appear that the brute makes, fo that here the road 

 parts betwixt man and brute. - By this comparifcn, which is of the 

 thing with itfelf, man, when he begins to have the ufe of intelledt, 

 and to form ideas, difcovers that there are certain qualities in the 

 thing, which are principal, and diftinguifh it more from other things 

 than its other qualities. For example, he difcovers in a horfe that 

 he has a long body, long legs, an elevated neck, a head and tail of 

 a particular form ; and that he is fwiftef of foot, and, when he lays 

 himfelf out, covers more ground, than other animals. From thefe 

 principal qualities he feparates other qualities, which are common 

 to him with other animals, fuch as that of colour, or having four 

 feet ; and thus he forms the particular idea of a horfe : And the 

 forming in this way the ideas of particular things, is the firft opera- 

 tion of the human intelle<5t, without which we could have no ge- 

 neral ideas, as a general idea is nothing elfe but the particular idea 

 generalized*. When we are further advanced ia arts, fciences, and 

 phllofophy, we difcover what is unknown to our modern philofo- 

 phers, that the particular idea of any thing is a mind or immaterial 

 fubftance, which animates the thing, gives it motion and all its quali- 

 ties, and makes it what it is, diftind from every thing elfe f. And here 

 we may obferve, that this comparifon of the objedl with itfelf is no- 

 thing more than making more accurate and more particular that com- 

 parifon, by which the brutes as well as we difcover that other animals 

 are of the fame fpecies with themfelves, and by which they alfo diftin- 

 guifli diffc^rent fpeciefes. The reader will alfo obferve, that here we 



ufe 



* Stc what I have laid u'-ou this fubjcci in Vol. II. of this Work, Book 11. Chap. 

 II. p. 76. and 35. The whole chapter is worth reading by thole who define to 

 know accurately the difierence betwixt fenfations and ideas. 



t Ibid. p. 73, 74, nnd 75. 



