Chap. VIII. A NTIENT METAPHYSICS. 177 



form of government of abfolute neceffity. And thus did Govern- 

 ment firft begin, of which I am now to explain the nature. 



In all governments there muft neceflarily be tv70 orders of men, 

 the governors and the governed'^ which mufl: be diflinguifhed from 

 one another. And the firft thing to be confidered is, who are by 

 nature fit to govern ; and who on the other hand are only fit to be 

 governed : I fay by nature ; for nature muft take the lead in all the 

 arts of life, and as much or more, I think, in the great art of go- 

 vernment, than in any other. And I think the Greek philofophers, 

 in v^hat they have written upon government, have faid much too 

 little of nature, but fo much of education, as one fhould believe they 

 thought that education alone could fit men to be good governors or 

 good fubjeds. But though I hold it to be abfolutely neceffary for 

 both thefe purpofes, nature muft do her part, and lay the founda- 

 tion, without which the beft education can avail but little. 



That men are different by nature, as well as by education, I think 

 it is impoffible to deny. We muft therefore begin this inquiry, by 

 confidering the nature of man^ and try to difcover of what kind thofe 

 men are, that by nature are deftined to govern or to be governed. 

 And here an antient Greek poet, I mean Hefiod, has given us a di- 

 vifion of men, the beft, I think, that ever was made with refpecl to 

 government. Some men, fays he, are capable of giving good ad- 

 vice ; others, though they cannot give good advice, will take it : 

 But there is a third kind, who neither can give good advice, nor 

 will take it when given by others; and thefe, fays he, are ufelefs 



men *. 



Vol. IV. Z That 



Hefiod's words are, 



'0»T«; fill TTICVX^IS-TS;, 'o; OS-JTO; 7r«JT« »«D5£( 



