214 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book IIL 



table minds be different, or whether they are to be confidered as 

 different qualities of the fame mind ? And I fay, as I have faid with 

 refpedl to the difference betwixt the intellectual mind and the ani- 

 mal and vegetable, that the operations of thefe two minds are fo 

 different from one another that they muft be different fubftances ; 

 the one, as I have faid, moving the body, and perceiving external 

 objects by the fenfes, and the other making the body grow and 

 nourifliing it. 



This dodlrine of the three minds in man, and of the difference 

 betwixt them, I have learned from Ariftotle, in his firft book De 

 Moribus^ chapter 13. and in the 4th chapter of the firft book of his 

 Magna Moralia ; from both which paffages it is evident that Arif- 

 totle held both the animal and vegetable parts of our compofition to 

 be minds, or 4'u;^a;, as he calls them, but both diflind: from our 

 intelleClual mind, and from one another. And, with refped to the 

 vegetable mind, or the ro ^^ett/xoi/, as he calls it, he fays that it dif- 

 fers not only from the intellectual, but from the animal, in this re- 

 fpeCt, that it has no ^o^^n-, that i«, appetite or hiclination^ but only adis 

 upon aliments offered to it; and he compares It, in this refpedt, to 

 fire, which confumes what is thrown into it, though it has no ''o^y^n 

 or inclination to take any thing. In like manner our vegetable life, 

 if you give it food, is nouriihed.; if not, it has no inclination, which 

 makes it feek the food. And, in the paffage above quoted, from 

 the firft book, De Moribus^ chapter 13. he fays, that it appears moft 

 in our fleep, while our two other minds, the intellectual and animal, 

 are at reft. And this confirms to me the truth of an obfervation,. 

 that I have heard made by feveral phyficians, that we digeft bet- 

 ter in our lleep than when we are awake: And it is very natural to 

 think, that when the other two minds are at reft, the third mind 

 fhould be moft aCtive. And it fhows that the antients were in the 

 xight, who made fupper their principal meal, not dinner as we do. 



That 



