So ANTIENT METAniYSICS. Book II. 



out order or arrangement," it is evident that there would be no fyf- 

 tcm in it : But that is not the cafe ; for all things therein confift of 

 gcnufes, fpeciefes, and individuals. That a genus is a fyftem, being 

 a whole, comprehending under it all the feveral fpeciefes, which have 

 the moft intimate connedion with one another, as each of them ac- 

 tually comprehends the genus while the genus virtually compre- 

 hends them all *, is well known to every man, who has learned 

 loiiic, without the knowledge of which no man can have an idea 

 of the fyftem of the univerfe, nor indeed a perfedl idea of any fyf- 

 tcm. 



Of genufcs there are many, but all in regular order, rifing above 

 one another, and fo connecled that the higher contains the lower. 

 Thus the genus animal is contained under the higher genus, ani- 

 mated lodv, or the rj ifjy^v-^i^ov, as the Greeks called it: For all bo- 

 dies, as I have (hown, are animated by a mind which n^oves them ; 

 but the animal has a mind, which not only moves it, but is feivi'i- 

 tive, has appetites and deftres, and confequently feels pleafure or 

 pain. A higher genus, above animated body, is body; and above bo- 

 dy is a higher genus ftill, v\z. fubjlance. And not only are thsre 

 genufes of fubftances, but alfo of the qualities oi fubjiauces; and 

 there is a genus oi quality itfelf, likewife of quantity, of relation, of 

 •where and when, o{ doing and luffering, &c. all which are enumer- 

 ated in the fourth chapter of Ariftotle's Categories. But it will be 

 faid, is there then no end of thofe genufes rifing above one anoihcr ; 

 and can no bounds or limits be fet to them? If it were fo, then there 

 would be no fyftem of the univerfe; for, as I have fhown, tliere 

 can be no fyftem of infinity. But a fcholar of the Pythagorean 

 fchool, Archytas by name, has numbered all the higher genufes, 

 and reduced them to ten. Archytas's book is entitled Y\.va tou \l <.v- 



* Wliat the difFerence is betwixt a thing exifting virtually and actually, 1 have ex- 

 plaiaed, in p. 58 of this vol. 



