148 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book III. 



C II A P. IX. 



Of Civil Society and its eff'e&s.—Seufi.itious and the Confcioufnefs of tbcm^ 

 neceffary for p7-epa*in^ us for Civil Society ; — Confcioufnefs denied 

 to the Brute. — A Herding State neceffarily prior to Civil Society. 

 — Our progrefs from fucb a State^ or from a fm^le Family^ to a 

 Political State. — Inflance of fuch a progrefs in the fewiflj Nation^ 

 and in the Nations of North America. — The improvement of the 

 Human IntelleH by the clofe intercourfe produced by Civil Society : 

 — This intercourfe carried on by Language^ the firjl and mofl diffi- 

 cult of Human inventions: — Language compared with the Analyjis 

 oj Speech into its Elemental Sounds, .and ivtlh the invention of the 

 Writing Art. — Language, the Author fuppofes, partly revealed and 

 partly invented: — Its progrefs from Inarticulate Cries to a perfedl 

 Language fuch as the Greek or Shanfcrit. 



IN this Chapter 1 am to treat of Civil Society, and to fliow how 

 it has given man the ufe of intelled, and is the fource of all the 

 arts and fciences by which his intellect is cultivated and improved. 



But fome things are neceflary in order to prepare man for the ci- 

 vilifed life and for the invention and cultivation of arts and fciences. 

 And there are two things mentioned by me in the beginning of this 

 volume *, which we have from nature, and which arc, as I have 

 there faid, the foundation of all our knowledge in this ftate of our 

 exiftence. The firft is our SenTations, proceeding from the adions 



or 

 * Pa"e ?. 



