Chap. XVni. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 271 



larly hiftorical painting, in which we make finer figures of men and 

 other animals, than are to be found in nature. And even in land- 

 fcape painting, I was told by a famous landfcape painter in London, 

 Mr Lambert in Covent Garden, that he had often tried to copy 

 from nature landfcapes that he thought exceedingly fine ; '>ut 

 they did not anfwcr in the piece, without confiderable alterations 

 that he made upon them. 



I will conclude this hUlory of mac, and of the arts he has invent- 

 ed, with a fhort recapitulation of what has happened to him : mis 

 eartli fince his iall. When he nrft appeared here below, h<. -as, 

 a? \riftotle tells us, only a better kind of animal, which he calls a 

 h'^ cat animal^ that is, an animal which can compare its fenfations, 

 a' . uillinguilh one from another. In this ftate, as the fame aui-hor 

 teus us, he had not inteiledl, but only the capacity of acquiring inrel- 

 le£l and fcience* : But he never would have acquired either, except, 

 as I have (hown tj hy the means of civil fociety. By the clofe com- 

 munication of men in a fociety of that kind he firft acquired the ufe 

 of intelled ; and then he improved it very much by the invenion 

 and the pratSlice of the neceflaiy arts of life, of thofe of eafc and 

 convenience, and, laftly, of the liberal arts; of all which I have 

 fpoken at fome length. 



Having in this manner acquired and improved the ufe of intel- 

 le6t, he alfo improved Dis fenfe of the beautiful, which is as na- 

 tural to man as intelled. This icw^e induced men to ftudy thofe 

 fine arts which I have fpoken of ; for thefe arts we do not culri- 

 vate for their uiility, as we do thofe common arts of life which I 

 have alfo mentioned. And this leads me to fpeak of beauty, of 



which 



* See what I have faid upon this adinirable definition of man in his natural ftate, 

 which I have made the foundation of my whole philofophy of man, Vol. IV. p. 12 

 and following. 



■|- P. 146 and following of this Vol. 



