28o ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book IV. 



ledly and therefore aEls necejfarily^ not having will or free will. — 

 Arguments in fupport of the Author s opinion. — The InfliuB of the 

 Brutes explained. — The Brute wants Cotfcioufnefs. — In/iinB not 

 confined to the Brutes^ but alfo a part of the Nature of Man. — 

 Approximation of different Natures exemplified in Zoophytes — in the 

 Flying Fi/Jj — and of I/i/iiuB and Intelled in the Elephant — Ex- 

 traordinary injiances of his Sagacity^ and of that of the Dog, from 

 Mr SmelUe's Book. — Thefe Brutes may almof be faid to have 

 Ideas ; — They cannot however difcover the one in the many, nor 

 diQingui/Jj things into genules and fpeciefes : — This the ejfential 

 difference betwixt Man and Brute. — Arijlotle's dtftindion betwixt 

 Logical or Rational and Intelleftual, explained. — The Brute Rea- 

 ibns or Compares by means of his Phantafia. — Difference betwixt 

 the objeBs of Man s Comparifon and thofe of the Brutes, 



HITHERTO I have fpoken of an animal who is not fuch as he 

 came out of the hands of his Creator, and who may be faid 

 to have made himfelf : But I come now to fpeak of animals, who 

 have not changed their ftate, but are ftill fuch as they came out of 

 the hands of their Creator ; I mean the Brute Creation here on 

 earth • and I will fhow that, though they be not capable of near 

 fo much happinefs as man is, yet they enjoy much more than by far 

 the ereater part of men do in this life. But before I come to treat 

 of this fubjedt, I think it is proper to fay fomething of the brute 

 nature as diftinguiil\ed from the nature of man, and to inquire 

 what it is in the brute that produces fo many various adions ; whe- 

 ther it be his body only, or his mind ? and if it be his mind, whe- 

 ther it be what I call the animal mind, or the intelledual, fuch as 

 is in man. 



To diftinguifh accurately and philofophically betwixt the mind of 



man 



