288 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book IV. 



v/hich, as I have obferved elfewhere *, belongs to man, and is the 

 foundation of all his knowledge, even of the knowledge of his own 

 exiftence : And that is confcioufnefs of v/hat he does ; by which Des 

 Cartes knew that he exifted; " For," fays he, " I think: Therefore 

 " I am f ." — Now the brute, wanting that confcioufnefs, does not 

 know that he, himfelf, exifts. 



By what I have faid of the brutes a£ting only by inftincfl:, while 

 man ads by intelligence, I muft not be underftood to mean, that 

 man does not likewife ad: by inftind upon certain occafions ; or in 

 other words, that he does not ad, on fuch occafions, without 

 forming any opinion concerning the adion, whether it be good 

 or ill. For man after his fall was no more than a mere ani- 

 mal, with fenfations only, but without intelled, which he ac- 

 quires, as I have fhown, by the means of civil fociety. But even 

 after that acquifition, he is ftill an animal, and therefore it is natu- 

 ral, and indeed neceflary, that he fhould, upon certain occafions, 

 ad as a mere animal, that is be moved only by inftind, without de- 

 liberating or forming any opinion whether what he is to do be good 

 or ill. In this way he eats when he is hungry, drinks when he is 

 thirfty, refts when he is weary, and avoids any imminent danger 

 from fire, water, or precipices : And as in many fuch cafes there 

 is no time for any deliberation, it fhows-the wifdom and goodnefs 

 of God, that he has fo framed man, that he can ad by inftind as 

 other animals do, without forming any opinion of what is good or ///. 



Thus I think 1 have (hown that there is an effential difference be- 

 twixt intelled and inftind ; and that man, though he have inftind 

 as well as the brute, is neverthelefs the only animal of intelligence 

 on this earth. 



But 



• Vol. II. p 97. 



+ See pp. 108 and 1 15 of tjiis Vol. 



