Chap. I. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. • 291 



as Mr Smellie has told fome furprifing ftories of him. I will 

 only add to what he has faid, that, if he were not fo common an 

 animal among us, and were but newly brought to this country, we 

 fliould think him a moft extraordinary animal : He has a great at- 

 tachment to our fpecies ; fo great, that he may be faid ,to be our 

 friend and companion ; nor is there any example of fo great an at- 

 tachment betwixt two animals of fpeciefes fo different. Our fa- 

 vourite dog loves us fo much, that he is jealous of any other dog 

 whom we feem to favour,- and for no other reafon will fall upon 

 him and bite him. I cannot however think that he has near fo 

 much either of the intelligence of man, or of his difpofitions and 

 affedions, as the elephant. 



Thus it appears that fome of the brute animals, fuch as elephants 

 and dogs, have perceptions of particular objeds of fenfe, fo diftind 

 that they may be faid to have fomething like ideas of them, but not 

 fuch ideas as we form : For thefe ideas, as I have defcribed them in 

 a preceding volume, are truly, as I have faid in more than one 

 place, fyftems, even our ideas of particular things ; for in forminc: 

 thefe ideas, we diftinguifli what is principal in the thing, and fepa- 

 rate it from what it has in common with other things. But what 

 chiefly diftinguifhes the operations of the mind of the brute from 

 thofe of the intelledual mind of man, is, that the brute has only 

 ideas (if v^^e will call them fo) of particular objecfls of fcnfe, but no 

 general ideas. He has therefore no knowledge of the one in tbc 

 many; which is the proper definition of a general idea, by which 

 the mind forms otie idea of many things agreeing together in one 

 effential quality however they may differ in other things. In 

 this way he arranges things in different fyflems or clafTes, which we 

 call genufes or fpeciefes : And it is in this way that intelledl is ef- 

 fentially diftlnguiflied front the fenfes ; for thefe perceive only par- 

 ticular objeds, whereas the intelled, and the intellect only, com- 



O o 2 pares 



