Chap. I. ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. 293 



and Inftind, and confequently the diftindion betwixt man and 

 brute ; and that, thougli the inftind of foine brutes be fo perfed 

 that it produces the efFeds of intelligence, yet it is truly not intel- 

 ligence but a principle of adion quite different, yet fo refembling 

 the operations of intelligence, that it is no wonder that Mr Smellie 

 has confounded it with intelligence. 



Before I leave this fubjed I think it is proper to obferve that 

 Ariftotle appears to give intelligence to the brute, when he defines 

 man to be, in his natural ftate, Xmov "koyizov^ vov xai i-riirTijatig isxTiKon : 

 So that, according to Ariftotle, man is a logical animal before he is 

 in poftinion of intelled and fcience and when he has only the ca- 

 pacity of acquiring them. But we muft diftinguifti betwixt logical 

 and intcllcSlual \ a diftindion, which is not commonly made even 

 by philofophers in this age ; for they fay that man is a rational ani- 

 mal, meaning that he is an intclleSlual animal. But thofe two arc 

 very different ; and accordingly the brute (at leaft the better kinds 

 of them) is a rational animal but not intcllc^tial ; and this is a 

 diftindion which requires to be explained to thofe who have not 

 ftudied the antient philofophy. 



L070J in Greek and ratio in Latin, which denote the fame thing, 

 are never applied to one thing only, but to tivo or more things, 

 agreeing or differing in certain qualities ; which when the mind 

 perceives, it knows the L070J or ratio that thofe things have to one 

 another : And the animal who is capable of that perception, is faid 

 to be a logical or rational animal. And fuch was man before he 

 acquired the ufe of intelled ; and fuch at this day are all the better 

 kinds of brutes : For a brute of that kind could not carry on the bu- 

 iinefs of his life, if he did not perceive the different qualities of ob- 

 jeds, and in that way diftinguifti things that had certain qualities 

 from other things that had them not or had different qualities. An 



animal, 



