294 ANTIENT METAPHYSICS. Book IV. 



animal, if he wanted that difcernment, could not diftinguifli what 

 was proper for his nourifhment, or for his eafe and convenience, 

 from what was not proper ; but being taught by inftin(fl: to know 

 that, by his logical or rational faculties he diftinguifhes the things 

 that have thofe qualities from thofe that have them not : So that, un- 

 Icfs he were a rational or logical animal having the faculty of com- 

 parifon, he could not fubfiiu And it may be obferved not only 

 that the brute perceives this likenefs or difference of two or more 

 objefts when they are prefent to the fenfes ; but when only one of 

 them is prefent he can compare that one with the perception or fen- 

 fation of the other that he has retained in his phantafia, a faculty, 

 which preferves the objedt in his mind ; fo that he perceives it as 

 if it v/ere adually prefent *. 



It may be afked, in what then confifts the difference betwixt the 

 logical or rational animal and the intelledual ? And 1 fay it is in 

 this, that the rational animal only perceives the likeneffes or differ- 

 ence of things ; but what makes them alike or different, he docs not 

 perceive : Whereas the intelled: perceives thofe qualities, which 

 make the things agree or differ from one another. In fhort the in- 

 telledl perceives the nature of the things, fuch as is contained in the 

 definition that we give of any thing. 



And thus I hope I have (hown to the fatisfadion of the reader 

 the difference betwixt the intelligence of man and that rational fa- 

 culty of the brute, by which he compares things together and dif- 

 covers their likenefles or difference, without which the economy of 

 his life could not be carried on ; for, if he had only the fimple per- 

 ception of objeds by his fenfes, without being able to compare 

 them, and without perceivmg their likeneffes and differences, he 



could 



• On the fuhjea of the phantafia, and the great utility of it in the economy of 

 the animal life, fee Vols. I. p. 90. and II. p. 232. of this work. 



