26 BELL SYSTEM TECIIMCAL JOURXAL 



by the successive terms of ip + q)" and the skcwncss of the observed 

 distribution k^ is " /- k, and the standard deviation Ou is \^2 a\ i.e. the 



observed skewness is onlv ^7^ times that of either the true distribution 



^ V2 



or the hiw of error, and the observed standard deviation Oo is \/2 

 times the standard deviation of either of the true or error distributions. 



