10 



THE BETiL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL, JANUARY 1954 



8.0 

 7.5 

 7.0 

 6.5 

 6.0 

 5.5 

 5.0 

 4.5 

 4.0 



a. 



. 3.5 



u. 3.0 

 2.5 

 2.0 

 1.5 

 1.0 

 0.5 

 



20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 

 AMPERE TURNS, NI 



Fig. 4 — Typical recording of flux-ampere turn data on a relay magnet. 



needed to describe the action while parts are in motion. For measure- 

 ments in\'olving dynamics, additional methods are described below. 



DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS 



The measurements just described are indispensable in obtaining basic 

 information on the relay's ability to perform its prescribed mechanical 

 functions, which in turn depend upon its magnetic characteristics. The}^ 

 are needed in the every-day calculation of winding designs and the appli- 

 cation of contact spring combinations which will be reliably operated by 

 a given magnet. Cases arise in service, however, where very rigid require- 

 ments must be placed on closure and separation to insure the desired 

 performance. Complete knowledge of the influence of voltage variations, 

 mechanical adjustments, numbers of springs and their natural fre- 



