98 THE USE BOOK. 



dying. Since deciduous trees, such as most hardwoods, 

 have no foliage in winter, special care is needed to de- 

 cide when they are dead. Trees dead at the top and 

 green below, generally called spike-topped trees, are 

 classed as living, and must never be cut under dead- 

 timber permits. 



If the applicant agrees to the conditions after they 

 have been explained to him, a formal application is pre- 

 pared according to the instructions given above for each 

 class of sales. The quantity and location of timber 

 described is based upon the Forest officer's examination, 

 and must agree with the map, estimate, and report. All 

 conditions and .restrictions to govern the cutting must 

 also be included^ 



"^"^ MARKING. 



When the sale of any green timber is assured, the supervisor 

 will order that all trees which are to be cut shall be majtod 

 or otherwise unmistakably identified for cutting. This is im- 

 perative. Wnere'^bnJ.v flead tiinjam: is purchased and no living 

 timber will be cut, the Forest officer may, instead of marking 

 or designating for cutting every tree, blaze and mark the bound- 

 ary _of the rutting- ^rea and instruct the purchaser in the man- 

 ner of cutting. Merchantable dead J^ges, which the purchaser 

 may wish to leave, should- always be marked. 



When the plan of marking is followed, standing timber must 

 be marked " IT. S." near the ground, so that every stump will 

 show the mark. Where snow may conceal the marking from 

 the cutters, each tree must also be mar^ked at a point jseveral 

 feet from the ground. 



Witness .trees or any tree y a^ed to mark, the tmeyof an^L^ov- 

 er n m eiit^siiryey should iieyer be marked or OTherwisa dtestgtiated 

 fryr outftng.' r (Appendix, p. 249.) timber included in a sale 

 area urjori which mineral locations have been made after the 



