THE USE BOOK. 179 



CLEARING STREAMS FOR LOG DRIVING. 



Where this class of work is necessary, the distance to be 

 cleared and the average width of the stream should be stated, 

 and an estimate of the cost, covering the following points, 

 should be sent to the Forester : Removing rock obstruction ; 

 building dams, if needed ; building new channels to cut off bends, 

 increase the rapidity of the current, or deepen the channel ; 

 necessary clearing on each side of the stream; removing log 

 jams; powder, tools, and other supplies. 



FIRE LINES. 



On_a_jiumber of the Forests fire lines mustjbe_apn- 

 structed as ^protection against disastrous fires. Where 

 this is doruTto protect the direct water supply of adja- 

 cent towns, cities, or ranches, or the range of permitted 

 stock, the cooperation of the interested residents is 

 earnestly requested. 



Range fire lines, or lines through open mature timber on easy 

 ground may be cheaply constructed by plowing four or five fur- 

 rows on each side_of a strip 4 rods wideband burning out the 

 intervening^ strip when conditions render it safe. TJnps tftron^h 

 chaparral or heavy underbrush should usually be 30 feet wide, 

 cleaned outf withan^ ax, mattock, and brush hook, and tfre 

 slumps "o? all strong-sprouting species, such as scrub oak^ 

 grubbed out. " 



RANGERS' HEADQUARTERS. 



Eventually all the rangers who serve the year round will be 

 furnished with comfortable headquarters. It is the intention of 

 the Forest Service to erect the necessary buildings as rapidly 

 as funds will permit. Usually they should be built of logs with 

 shingle or shake roofs. 



Dwellings should be of sufficient size to afford comfortable liv- 

 ing accommodations to the family of the officer. He will be held 

 responsible for the proper care of the buildings and the grounds 



