27 



and the U. S. Geological Survey. W. A. Langille and W. H. Osgood, of the Bio- 

 logical Survey, found that it extends from the interior forest around the low base of 

 the unforested Alaskan peninsula to the Pacific coast slopes at Cook's Inlet, there 

 meeting the Sitka spruce, alpine hemlock, and a few other west coast species which 

 come northward from Washington and Oregon along the Alaskan coast. It was 

 found by members of the U. S. Geological Survey to occur also in the upper basins 

 of the Sushitna and Copper rivers, possibly reaching these basins from the heads of 

 the Tanana River by way of low passes in the Alaska Range. It has long been con- 

 jectured that white spruce occurs on many of the arctic rivers of Alaska for the rea- 

 son that driftwood, apparently of this species, is common about their mouths. 

 White spruce has, however, been observed only on the Turner River, just west of 

 the international boundary, where it was seen in 1890 by J. H. Turner, and recently 

 by S. J. Marsh, a prospector, whose observations were reported in 1906 by A. H. 

 Brooks of the U. S. Geological Survey. In this locality it extends to within 30 

 miles of the mouth of Turner River and nearly to latitude 69 30 X , the northmost 

 limit now known for it. 



White spruce occurs in the Black Hills, South Dakota, and in the Rocky Moun- 

 tains from the head of the Saskatchewan River, Canada, southward into northern 

 Montana. Here II . B. Ayres reported it in 1899 and 1900 as far south as the South 

 Fork of Teton Creek (latitude 47 50'), on Summit Creek, in valleys of the White- 

 fish Mountains, and westward on upper Still water, Edna, and Fortin creeks, while 

 S. J. Holsinger noted it in 1903, and R. V. R. Reynolds in 1906, as occasional in the 

 Kootenai River and Cabinet Mountains regions, still farther westward. Karl W. 

 Woodward has just sent in specimens of this spruce from Swan Lake, Montana. 



Black X/>rure ( I'icea nntr'nnm}. The black spruce follows the white spruce through- 

 out its northern range in Alaska. Much is yet to be learned regarding the exact dis- 

 tribution of these trees in Alaska, where both are somewhat changed in distinctive 

 features from their far eastern representatives. Small numbers of black spruce were 

 observed in 1900 by W. H. Osgood in peat bogs at Hope, Sunrise, and Tyonek on the 

 Cook's Inlet coast, and in 1903 W. A. Langille detected it in swamps on the plateau 

 of Kenai Peninsula, especially on Chicaloon Flats. 



nine Spi'ir ( riri'n iHti-ryana). The range of blue spruce has for some time been 

 thought to be confined to Colorado, eastern Utah, and the Wind River Mountains, 

 Wyoming, but recent reports have extended the range to parts of southern Montana, 

 New Mexico, Arizona, and to other sections of Wyoming. J. H. Hatton noted its 

 quite general occurrence in the Rocky Mountains of New Mexico, on streams and in 

 moist places at an elevation of from 8,500 to 10,500 feet, as did also Prof. E. L. 

 Givene, of the Catholic University, in 1901 at Chama, Rio Arriba County, near the 

 border between Colorado and New Mexico. In 1898 Professor Norton and C. H. T. 

 Townsend saw it on Sierra Blanca Peak, Lincoln National Forest, while W. R. Mat- 

 toon and A. O. Waha found it on flats of streams at an elevation of from 7,000 to 

 9,000 feet, near the summits of the Mogollon Mountains, in the Gila National Forest. 

 Mr. Mattoon reported it recently as occurring also in the Mount Graham National 

 Forest at 9,500 feet elevation on the banks of streams near upper Columbine Camp at 

 the head of Ash Creek Canyon. 



The following observations have been made of this tree outside of the Wind River 

 Mountains, Wyoming. P. A. Rydberg (not of the Forest Service), in 1900, and J. 

 Wiesner, an Austrian botanist, in 1905, found it fairly common in the Yellowstone 

 Park at elevations of about 6,500 to 8,000 feet. G. H. Cecil reported it from the 

 Shoshone Mountains as occurring above 6,000 feet, and P. T. Coolidge reported it in 

 small numbers from the Bighorn Mountains above 6,000 feet, throughout the National 

 Forest. Reports of blue spruce in Montana include records by J. H. Hatton and 

 M. N. Stickney of occasional trees along streams in the Big Belt and Rimini moun- 

 tains, from elevations of 5,000 feet and upward, and a record by M. N. Stickney of 



