REPTILES 53 



people to kill the tortoises for the oil which they contained. For this 

 purpose they have been hunted systematically on many of the islands 

 and practically exterminated. 



Their natural enemies according to Darwin were Conolophus, which 

 dug up the eggs and devoured them, and Buteo, the Galapagos hawk, 

 which is said to eat the young when just issuing from the eggs. 



TESTUDO NIGRITA Dumeril and Bibron. 



Testudo indica GRAY, Syn. Kept., p. 9, 1831, and Cat. Tort., p. 5, 1844, 



and Sh. Kept., i, p. 6, 1855, and Suppl., p. 5, 1870 (part). SOWERBY 



and LEAR, Tort., pi. vi, 1872. 

 Testudo nigrita Dum. and Bibr., n, p. 80, 1835. GUNTHER, Phil. Trans., 



CLXV, p. 267, 1875, and Gig. Land-Tort., p. 69, pis. xxx, xxxi, XLII, 



XLIV, 1875. BOUL., Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus, p. 169, 1889. BAUR, Am. 



Nat., xxin, p. 1043, 1889. ROTH, Novit. Zool., ix, No. 3, p. 618, 1902. 

 Testudo planiceps GRAY, Cat. Sh. Kept., i, p. 6, pi. xxxiv, 1855, and Suppl., 



p. 5, 1870. 



Testudo elephantina STRAUCH, Chel. Stud., p. 83, 1862. 

 Testudo elephantopus GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 708, 1870, and App. Cat. 



Sh. Kept., p. 3, 1872. 

 Elephantopus planiceps GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 724, 1873. 



Range. Type locality unknown. 



Two specimens referred to this species by Gunther were taken in 

 the Galapagos Islands by the Hassler expedition, but it is not known 

 from which island they came. 



TESTUDO GALAPAGOENSIS Baur. 



Testudo elephantopus JACKSON, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Journ., i, pp. 443- 



521, 1837. 

 Testudo galapagoensis BAUR, Am. Nat., xxin, p. 1044, 1889. GUNTH., 



Novit. Zool., ix, No. 2, pp. 184-192, pis. xvi-xxi, 1902. 



Range. Charles Island. 



Two specimens taken by the U. S. S. Potomac, one representing 

 the type, are undoubtedly referable to Charles Island. This species has 

 probably been extinct since 1840, the penal colony established on 

 Charles Island by the Ecuadorian Government in 1829 having accom- 

 plished their extermination. 



TESTUDO ELEPHANTOPUS Harlan. 



Testudo elephantopus HARLAN, Jour. Ac. Phil., v, p. 284, 1827. GUNTH., 

 Phil. Trans., CLXV, p. 261, 1875, and Gig. Land Tort., p. 63, pis. xxx. 

 XLII-XLIV, LI-LIU, 1877. ROTH., Novit. Zool., ix, No. 2, p. 448, 1902, 



Testudo nigra BOUL., Cat. Chel. Brit. Mus., p. 170, 1889. 



Testudo guntheri BAUR, Am. Nat., xxin, p. 1044, 1889. 



Range. Unknown. 



