THE ROSE FAMILY. 41 



nate, unequally rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, and coarsely and unequally serrate with 

 rigid glandular teeth, which are largest and most unequal above the middle of the leaf ; they 

 are thick and firm, dark green, lustrous and pilose on the upper surface, coated on the lower 

 surface and on the petioles with thick pale, close tomentum, four to five inches long and two 

 to three inches broad, with stout midribs impressed on the upper side, and five or six pairs 

 of conspicuous oblique veins running to the principal teeth and connected by reticulate cross 

 veinlets ; they are borne on slender terete petioles an inch and a half in length. The flowers 

 are unknown. The fruit, which is usually solitary, or is sometimes in clusters of two or 

 three, is obovate, pointed at the base, and crowned with the thickened and partly immersed 

 calyx-lobes, which are triangular, obtuse, and covered with a thick coat of dense white 

 tomentum ; it is an inch long, two thirds of an inch broad, of a dull yellow color, and rosy- 

 red on one side, with a thick skin covered with pale lenticels, and austere coarse granular 

 flesh. The seed is a quarter of an inch long, obliquely obovate, acute at the base, and cov- 

 ered with a light red-brown shining coat. The fruit is borne on a stout rigid stem an inch to 

 an inch and a half long and coated with pale loose tomentum, especially toward the much 

 thickened apex. 



Cratregus, which, in eastern America, abounds with many species which are conspicuous 

 features of vegetation in different parts of the country, is only represented in Japan by 

 Cratasgus chlorosarca, one of the black-fruited group related to Crataegus Douglasii of our 

 Pacific states, which it much resembles. It is not rare in the neighborhood of Sapporo, 

 where it grows near streams in low wet soil, and apparently does not range south of Yezo. 

 The flowers are not large, and as a garden-plant this species has little to recommend it. 



The Saxifrage family, which is conspicuous in Japan with a large number of shrubs, 

 including some which have become important features in our gardens, has only a single 

 Japanese arborescent representative ; this is the now well-known Hydrangea paniculata, which 

 is one of the most common northern and mountain plants, and which occasionally in favorable 

 situations, especially on the hills of central Yezo, becomes a tree twenty-five to thirty feet in 

 height, with a short well-formed trunk a few inches in diameter and branches stout enough 

 for a man to climb into. From the branches the Ainos make their pipes. 



