14 FOREST PROTECTION 



F. PASTURE IN THE NATIONAL FORESTS: 



The pasture of sheep arid goats is generally prohibited; cattle pasture 

 generally allowed. 



Sheep ranges and cattle ranges are kept strictly apart. 

 The Secretary of Agriculture determines annually the amount of pas- 

 turage permitted for each forest, viz: 



a. The number of horses, cattle, sheep and goats to be admitted; 



b. The beginning and the end of the grazing season; 



c. The ranges actually to be grazed. 



The stock of residents owning holdings within the forests is given pre- 

 ference over "neighboring stock." Only citizens of the State are en- 

 titled to grazing privileges. 



Under any circumstances, permits must be obtained through the super- 

 visor by stock owners intending to pasture on the reserve (the stock 

 of travelers and prospectors excepted). Sheep must be herded by a 

 herdsman. 



The sheep ranges are allotted separately, usually according to the re- 

 commendation of the local Wool Growers' Association. Promiscuous 

 sheep grazing is strictly prohibited. 



Permit holders are required to prevent and to fight fires without com- 

 pensation. 



G. PROTECTIVE MEASURES MEANT TO SAFEGUARD THE TIMBER INTERESTS 

 OF THE LAND OWNER : 

 I. Animals: 



a. Limit the number of animals admitted, 

 b. Exclude goats. 



c. Prevent cattle from following sheep. 

 II. Time: 



a. Prevent pasture in early spring. 



b. Insist on close time during regeneration and up to the thicket 



stage. 



c. Close forest pasture periodically so as to allow tree seedlings 

 to escape the mouth of browsing animals. 



III. Fencing: 



For cattle pasture, two or three strings of barbed wire are suffi- 

 cient. For sheep pasture three or four strings. 100 Ibs. of barbed 

 wire form a string 1,600 to 1,900 feet long. 



Individual trees or seedlings, like orchard trees, are sometimes 

 protected by screens placed around the tree. 



IV. Seedlings should be planted within the "bays" of tree stumps 

 after clear cutting wherever artificial regeneration is resorted to. 

 Seed planting should be avoided. 



