THE FOEEST RESOURCES OF THE WORLD. 



75 



DIVISION INTO EXPORTING AND IMPORTING COUNTRIES. 



Since there are more statistics available for the countries of Europe 

 than for others, they are first considered in detail in the order in 

 which they occur in the following outline : 



1 . Import countries. These may be subdivided into the four follow- 

 ing groilps, according to the reasons for their being import countries : 



(a) Countries which, with a highly developed forest management 

 and important forest possessions, themselves produce much wood, 

 but in spite of this, on account of their important industries, can not 

 do without foreign wood: German Empire, France, Switzerland, 

 Belgium. 



(b) Countries in which forest management plays but a small part 

 on account of the small forest area: Great Britain, Netherlands, 

 Denmark. 



(c) Countries with only slightly developed forest management and 

 little wood consumption: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece. 



(d) Countries with relatively large forest areas, which, however, 

 are in large part not yet fully developed, unequally distributed, or 

 poorly managed : Servia, Bulgaria. 



2. Export wuntries. These are Russia (with Finland), Sweden, 

 Norway, Austria-Hungary (with Bosnia-Herzegovina), and Rou- 



mama. 



IMPORTING COUNTRIES. 



EUROPE. 



GERMAN EMPIRE. 



Germany is unable to produce enough timber to satisfy its needs, 

 and there is no doubt this condition will continue in the future. 



Since 1863 the imports have exceeded exports, and the difference 

 between them has been growing steadily, as shown in the two follow- 

 ing tables. 



It is worthy of note that since 1899 Austria-Hungary has taken 

 Russia's place as the chief wood supplier of Germany. This is 

 largely due to the greater development of the sawmill industry in 

 Austria-Hungary, and to the fact that railroad communication is 

 much better. Russia exports nearly all material by water. 



If the average yearly import of the period 1880-1884 is taken as a 

 standard equal to 100, then imports have increased as follows: 



Increase of exports, taking the period of 1880-1884 as a standard of 100. a 



a Endres, loc. cit. 



