FOREST PROTECTION 85 



to the side of the first, thus doubling the accommodation. 

 Pupation also is effected within this peculiar covering. Young 

 Larches (from ten to forty years 

 old) are those attacked ; the par- 

 tially hollowed needles (Fig. 18^), 



with their flaccid yellow tips, give 1^8BKK^ (t 



the trees a very striking appearance, 

 as though they had suffered from 

 frost. 



Prevention consists in planting 

 Larch only upon suitable situations, 

 where it has good and naturally 

 well-drained soil, with free circula- 

 tion of air about the crowns. Close 

 woods of Larch are therefore not 

 to be recommended. The Larch 

 Mining Moth is very generally asso- 

 ciated with the fungus which causes 

 Larch disease. 



Hymenoptera 



PINE SAWFLY, Lophyrus pirii. The 

 female, with her saw-like ovipositor, 

 bores into the needles of the Scots 

 Pine and deposits a large number of 

 eggs. The caterpillars, which are 

 green and grow to one inch in 

 length, have twenty-two legs. They 

 feed in clusters, gnawing and totally 

 destroying the needles. There may 

 be two generations in the year. FIG> 



T 11 1-1 TWIG OF LARCH SHOWING 



Larvae, hatched early in the season, NEEDLES ATTACKED BY 

 pupate in June on the needles and LARCH MINING MOTH 

 bark ; those of a later brood turn . Larval cases. 

 to chrysalides under the soil cover- J; ^=dTd by ""^ 

 ing of leaf litter. 



In young plantations the colonies of larvae may be crushed 



