io 4 FORESTRY 



proper direction to the fall. For the removal of trees from 

 very stony ground the method is quite unsuitable. 



The tree being felled, the stem is freed from branches, 

 and the material is duly assorted. Timber is kept distinct 

 from firewood, and the former is arranged according to 

 species, size, quality, etc. It should be suitably lotted into 

 logs, butts, poles, pit-props, bark for tanning purposes, and so 

 forth. Dimensions of the various classes of each vary much 

 in different districts, but a great deal of importance should 

 be attached to proper lotting. Short timber lengths can 

 be arranged as firewood, stavewood, wood for paper-pulp 

 manufacture, or as its particular nature and the demands of 

 the market suggest. Cordwood is either put up in stacks 

 and its cubic contents measured, or it is bound in faggots of 

 a predetermined size. 



The method adopted to clear the felling area depends upon 

 the size of the material and local conditions. 



It is very convenient to gather the timber into a forest 

 depot, though very heavy logs are usually taken delivery of 

 .directly by the purchaser. The means of removal may be 

 by carrying the smaller material by hand or on barrows, but 

 more frequently carts, timber wagons, and sledges are em- 

 ployed, or the logs brought together by dragging or sliding. 

 Any timber converted in the forest fuel-wood and poles 

 should be arranged immediately beside the nearest roads or 

 rides. Billets may be conveniently piled in stacks of four 

 or five feet high, each pile containing a known number of 

 cubic feet. Special regard must be paid to the assortment 

 of the logs, which are generally sold in small lots of even 

 character species, size, and quality being taken into account. 



Where proper care is exercised, each lot is measured and 

 receives its sale number. A catalogue is then prepared 

 showing, opposite to each number, the length, middle diameter, 

 and volume contents. Without this, valuation and exact ac- 

 counting are impossible. Revolving die-hammers are useful 

 in marking and numbering the lots, though this may also be 

 done by hand. 



