i 3 o FORESTRY 



and its sylvicultural treatment in the past as regards thinnings, 

 etc., explained. The volume of older woods requires to be 

 assessed in order to fix the proper quantity of timber shortly 

 to be utilised, and it is usually necessary to ascertain the 

 forest's increment or rate of volume accretion. 



After the facts indicated above have received due con- 

 sideration, the most important points to be observed in the 

 future treatment of the woods are collected into a short 

 statement. Such matters are dealt with as instructions for 

 the filling in of blanks which have occurred in recently 

 formed woods, mode of carrying out thinning operations, the 

 process by which regeneration should be brought about, and 

 much else of like nature. 



( As far as possible the mode of management should be 

 represented upon maps or plans. Working first with only 

 a rough sketch of the area, the forest surveyor defines the 

 boundaries of the compartments and subdivisions, determines 

 the direction of roads, etc., until gradually the finished map 

 is evolved. Usually, at least two kinds of maps are pre- 

 pared : ( i ) The " Detail " map, in the scale of perhaps 

 twenty-five inches to a mile, showing boundaries of the 

 property and the forest working sections a map of much value 

 in the event of change in ownership or management. (2) The 

 " Stock " or " Plantations " map, which represents the cha- 

 racter of the woods, particularly as regards species, distribution 

 of age-classes, and the manner by which the plantations have 

 been allotted to the periods of the rotation. Very often the 

 scale of six inches to a mile is found to be suitable for this. 

 Contour lines and the road* system are occasionally depicted 

 on a separate plan, or they may be included upon the Stock/ 

 map. 



The survey and division of woodlands proceed simul- 

 taneously in practice. The disposition of the divisional 

 areas is determined after an examination of the ground, 

 together with plan or map measurement. The division is 

 thus the result of work done partly in the office and partly 

 on the spot. The measurement of the forest is effected 



