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GRAVEL ROADS FOR CITIES. 



"Gravel roads, properly constructed anil 

 cared for, are the ideal highways for the resi- 

 dence portion of any city, is my belief," says 

 George D. Marshall, United States Govern- 

 ment Expert in charge of road building in 

 Kalamazoo county. 



"Surrounding the city of Kalamazoo are 

 great quantities of the best road material to 

 be obtained anywhere, which could be used 

 with economy and to the betterment of many 

 miles of Kalamazoo's streets. 



"To properly construct a gravel road the 

 same care should be given as in laying a pave- 

 ment. All soft earth should be removed for a 

 depth of several inches. The bottom of the 

 excavation should be properly graded and 1 ce- 

 ment combined curb and gutters laid. 



"The filling should then be of the best 

 gravel obtainable. When the material is 

 brought up to grade it should be rolled, not 

 once but several times, until the whole is a 

 compact mass. 



"In many cities a top dressing of oil is then 

 spread over the roadway. This incorporates 

 with the gravel after another rolling, and binds 

 the separate gravel-stones together into a dust 

 less mass. 



"Such a road will not wash out easily, is 

 practically noiseless, easy on the hoofs of 

 horses, free from dust, smooth and in every 

 way satisfactory. Repairs on such a roadway 

 should be made from the bottom up. It is 

 useless to dump loose gravel on a depression, 

 for that remains loose and helps break down 

 the surrounding hard material. The gravel 

 should be dug out down to the very bottom 

 and the same process gone through in making 

 the repairs as was had in laying the original 

 material. 



"I am a strong advocate of gravel roads, 

 which from my experience in other state 

 prove to be the kind to construct." 



NEW YORK AN OBJECT LESSON. 



Good roads are expensive, but they pay. On 

 good roads, with a given power, heavier loads 

 can be transported than are possible on poor 

 highways, and this is a factor of importance 

 to the 'farmer, the same load can be pulled 

 with less power, a saving to the owners of 

 machines; the expense for repairs to vehicles 

 and harness is smaller; there is an immense in- 

 erease in comfort and speed. Good streets in 

 town or city giv? a better impression to the 

 visitor; they seem to lead also to the greater 

 care of buildings and the improved character 

 of new ones. 



Massachusetts has long been a leader in 

 matters relating to better highways. The Em- 

 pire state now gives some figures that are sur- 

 prising. It has 80.000 miles of roads, -with a 

 greater mileage of improved highway than all 

 of the other eastern states put together, not 

 excluding Massachusetts. There are 2,000 

 miles of state reads under construction, 2,400 

 miles of macadam roads and more than 40,000 

 miles of earth roads, properly shaped and 

 crowned with stones picked and removed, de- 

 pressions filled, culverts and bridges repaired; 

 besides which towns have constructed 8,000 

 miles of gravel mads in first class condition. 

 The sum of $21,000,000, to be expended in one 

 year in road construction and improvement, 

 is available and will probably be utili/cd by 

 the state department of highways. 



The appropriation of this immense amount 

 ol nnmey for road work in \"ew York may 

 prove an i bjeet lesson for other slates. There 

 can be no doubt that if wisely expended it will 

 return satisfactory dividends. In these days 

 of automobiles, good roads are coming to 

 ha\e a wider significance than they held when 

 travel was confined to mure restricted areas. 

 Xow interstate trips are common, ami the 

 characted of the highways has a large influ- 

 ence in giving direction to the tide of travel 

 and determining its volume. 



PRAISES DELTA COUNTY ROAD 



State Highway Commissioner Townscnd 

 I'.lv of Lansing, alter Completing the wor 

 inspecting the different roads in Delta and 

 township roads that have been constru 

 since the last visit of the officials, said: 



"Delta county can well be proud of its ro 

 I have been out of Lansing now for 

 weeks constantly inspecting roads and I 

 tn tell you that Delta comity has the 

 roads that 1 have yet visited. Kvery maca 

 road that you ha\e in this county is of 

 class construction and will last for years, 

 people of the district certainly have reasoi 

 to be proud of their good roads. Kscanab: 

 township pe< pie ;<re certainly to be congratu 

 lated on the excellent roads that have }> 

 built there and are now being construe 

 Kvery road that we visited is certainly wor 

 of the state reward that has been paid or 

 be paid. 



"In Hark River township we visited all < 

 the roads that have been built or are beinj 

 built. T consider the mile of road conslructe 1 

 last year as cue of the best pieces in til 

 county, and while there is some discussii> 

 understand between the contractors and 

 township authorities as to its value, I lion 

 ly believe that the work was worth anyw 

 Let ween $:i.OOO and $4.000. Bark River to 

 shop should be proud of its excellent road 

 as well as every ' ther part of this county. 



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BERRIEN HAS GOOD ROADS ASSOCIt 

 TION. 



The I'.errien County Good Roads Associf 

 tion has been organi/cd. every township bein 

 represented in the directorate as follows: 



I'.ainbriilgc , Homer K. Olds; Kenton. R. 1 

 Tahor; I'.errieii, Cyrus I!. Great: Ruchanai 

 George llcss; Chikaming. liurwell llinchmai 

 Galien. I). L. Zaring: Hagar, N. Tharr; Lak' 

 Cleon Miller: Lincoln, Alex Tlalliday: Ne 

 Buffalo. Franklin Gowdy; Nilcs township, I 



