MICHIGAN ROADS AND FORESTS 





USE OF CRUSHED FURNACE SLAG IN 

 ROAD CONSTRUCTION. 



There is no material for highway construc- 

 tion that has come to the fore more rapidly 

 than "crushed blast furnace slag." Only a 

 few years ago furnace slag was considered 

 a waste by-product a necessary evil in the 

 manufacture of pig iron, and its disposal be- 

 came a grave problem to more than one fur- 

 naceman. Today we find numerous plants, 

 located in Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania, 

 that are consuming thousands of tons of 

 this slag, converting it into a material emi- 

 nently suitable as an aggregate in various 

 types of concrete construction and as a road 

 metal in highway construction. 



Slag, a by-product in the reduction of iron 

 ore, is the flux from "the furnace resulting 

 from the mixture of limestone, iron ore and 

 coke undergoing a chemical change. That 

 part of the coke which is not burned together 

 with the silicates of the iron ore and other 

 impurities are taken up by the limestone. It 

 is drawn from the furnace in a molten state 

 and alter cooling it is loaded into cars either 

 by hand or steam shovel, and then treated in 

 a crushing plant the same as ordinary stone. 



Chemically, slag is an impure high silica 

 limestone having an approximate analysis as 

 follows: 



Per Cent 



Silica 35.00 



Iron and Allumina 14.00 



Lime 42.00 



Magnesia 8.00 



In appearance, slag is grayish blue in color, 

 resembling limestone, except that slag has a 

 slight cellular structure which gives it a low 

 specific gravity and, in comparison with lime- 

 stone, slag is about 500 pounds lighter. That 

 advantage in itself is a great point in its favor. 

 In buying, shipping, hauling and handling 

 a ton of slag you are virtually handling a 

 cubic yard, and at the same price as for lime- 

 stone you would be saving 20 per cent. Com- 

 paring it in other ways with limestone, we 

 find from United States government and other 

 reports that it is as hard as the average 

 limestone, its toughness as great, while it 

 possesses the highest cementing or bonding 

 properties of any known macadam material. 

 Numerous instances can be cited where slag 

 had bonded so thoroughly that it was impos- 

 sible to dig it up except by the use of dyna- 

 mite, .crow bars and sledge hammers. And 

 this means permanency in a road. 



The France Slag Company, with its main 

 offices at Toledo, Ohio, and sales offices at 

 Detroit, Mich., and Canal Dover, Ohio, was 

 among the first to realize the merit and worth 

 of slag, resulting in the construction of large, 

 well equipped crushing plants at the above 

 places. Considering that this has been its 

 first year, it has accomplished a great deal, 

 not only by shipping large quantities of this 

 material, but in successfully demonstrating its 

 great value. This company is furnishing slag 

 for over 25 miles of road construction in 

 Lucas, Fulton and Williams counties, Ohio, 

 in addition to supplying contractors in north- 

 western Ohio with material for all kinds of 

 concrete construction, including concrete 

 foundations for pavements in Toledo, Ohio. 

 Large quantities of slag have been used in 

 and around Detroit in street foundation and 

 for the construction of beautiful drives such 

 as exist in Grand Lawn cemetery. It is also 

 being used on Detroit's beautiful boulevard 

 system and in reinforced concrete construc- 

 tion. 



The France Slag Company is looking for- 

 ward to a most successful year in 1911, and 

 is already taking orders for next year's deliv- 

 ery. Their Detroit office is in charge of H. N. 

 Snyder, who is ready at all times to furnish 

 information as to its use and to show the 

 material being used in all kinds of road and 

 concrete work. 



S K. THE USER , 





The Port Huron System of Grad- 

 ing, Hauling, Dumping, Spreading 

 and Rolling greatly reduces costs, 

 saves labor in spreading, saves ma- 

 terial and makes a better road. 



R. J. FREEMAN, Commissioner of Roads and Revenues, 

 DeKalb Co., Ga.,satet: 



"I take pleasure in stating that the machinery has worked entirely satisfactory and we 

 are more than delighted with its operation. 



Any County that may invest money in this hauling out6t will save money and will be 

 more than pleased after thoroughly testing it." 



The "Men Who Know,"the practical Road Builders, 

 --are the men who are spreading the Gospel of "Better 

 Roads at Less Cost by the Port Huron System." 

 Let us send you names of 



"Men Who Know" 



Port Huron Engine & Thresher Co. 



Port Huron, Mich. 



A GENEROUS OFFER. 



The J. I. Case Company of Racine, Wis., 

 which puts out some of the best road making 

 machinery on the market, has been giving a 

 practical demonstration of its machinery in 

 Wisconsin. For the purpose of creating an 

 object lesson in practical methods of modern 

 road building, the company agreed to . furn- 

 ish to the town board of Mt. Pleasant, Racine 

 county, the road building machinery, consist- 

 ing of 10-ton road roller, engine, scrapers, etc. 

 together with a full complement of men to 

 operate the same effectively free of charge to 

 the board, the only condition being that sai.1 

 board undertake to deliver and spread the 

 necessary gravel to complete the work and 

 supply the necessary culverts, etc.. for drain- 

 age. 



As the road is the main traveled highway 

 between Mt. Pleasant and Kenosha, the com- 

 pany proposes to supply the machinery to 



Learn Wireless and R. R. Telegrapl 



Shortage of fully 10,000 Operators on 

 of 8-hour law and extensive "wireless" 

 ments. We operate under direct supervision 

 Telegraph Officials and positively place 

 ili'nts. when qualified. Write for eat;il"i; 

 NATIONAL TELEGRAPH INST., Clncinna 

 Philadelphia Memphis, St. Paul, Minn. En 

 Okla.. Columbia, S. C., Portland. Ore. 



build tire entire highway if the different tow 

 ships will provide the material. 



There is little doubt that the company's gf 

 erous offer will be accepted. 





The work of placing slag and stone 

 mile of road leading into Cherry Grove to 1 

 from near Mitchell Park, Cadillac, has bi 

 completed. The grading and graveling was d( 

 last year. This piece of road is one of the b 

 miles of highway leading into Cadillac. 



