MICHIGAN ROADS AND FORESTS 



11 



UTILIZATION OF CALIFORNIA EUCA- 

 LYPTS. 



A great deal of attention has recently been 

 focused on the planting and growing of euca- 

 lypts in California. Many companies have 

 been organized, much capital has been invest- 

 ed, and the large acreage already planted is 

 being rapidly increased. The Forest Service 

 has sought to aid eucalyptus growers by pub- 

 lishing such information concerning the tree 

 and its uses as it cculd secure after careful 

 study. 



Information presented for this purpose has 

 at times been misused. Short passages have 

 been quoted in such a way as to convey a mis- 

 leading impression and sometimes even to 

 falsify the original meaning. Extravagant 

 estimates of the probable returns from planted 

 eucalyptus have been widely circulated, and 

 there is reason to fear that many persons have 

 formed an altogether false idea of the merits 

 of eucalyptus growing as a field for invest- 

 ment, and have supposed that this false idea 

 was justified by statements and figures of the 

 Forest Service. 



The truth is that there are yet too many 

 elements of uncertainty involved to permit a 

 close calculation of money returns to be made. 

 There is, however, every reason to believe 

 that under proper condition eucalyptus grow- 

 in LI will be profitable. In eucalyptus growing, 

 as in any other class of commercial opera- 

 tions. the investor needs to know not only 

 whether the enterprise into which he thinks 

 of putting his money is financially sound, but 

 also how large a return is probable. It is the 

 aim of the Forest Service to aid those who 

 wish to know as nearly as possible what can 

 be counted on by finding out and making 

 known both what the tree will yield in wood 

 and what uses the product will be suitable for. 

 One ot the elements of uncertainty is the 

 value ot the wood for high-grade purposes. 



The problem of utilizing eucalyptus ,wood 



readily and without undue waste is a difficult 



nne because of its tendency to warp, shrink, 



and check >n drying In wood from trees as 



young as the California growers generally 



on cutting, this tendency is much 



stronRcr than in the wood from mature forest- 



\ r 'T tree f J" .Australia and Tasmania. In 



he hope of finding means of controlling th,s 



up with the idea of furnishing not only fuel, 

 but also telegraph poles, piling, and lumber 

 large enough to make vehicle and carriage 

 stock and furniture material. 



About 75 species of eucalypti have been 

 grown in California. The blue gum (Euca- 

 lyptus globulus) was the first species intro- 

 duced into the state, and has been much more 

 extensively planted than the others. Probably 

 HO per cent of the eucalyptus in California at 

 the present time is blue gum. Of the many 

 ther species introduced, red gum (E. ros- 

 trata), sugar gum (E. corynocalyx), gray gum 

 ( E. tereticornis), and manna gum (E. vimin- 

 alis) make up by far the greater part. These 

 give give indications of being well adapted to 

 California conditions, although, of course, oth- 

 ers may be found which will give just as sat- 

 isfactory results. _ 



WILL PATENT DEVICE. 



George J. Maas, who some tme ago applied 

 for a patent on his new diamond drill hole 

 testing device, expects to secure the patent 

 within a few days. He has had two of the 

 devices manufactured. One of them has been 

 successfully used by the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron 

 Company in some of the holes it has bored 

 O n the Marquette range. 



Mr. Maas' device is simple, but it does the 

 WO rk more thoroughly and more satisfactor- 

 \] y than any other method ever employed in 

 testing drill holes. A few years ago a Bel- 

 g j an secured a patent on a device intended 

 f or t h e same purpose, but it is a complicated 

 a ff a j r and can be operated only by an expert. 

 Mr Maas' device can be handled by any dia- 

 morld dr jn operator. The Belgian device con- 

 ta ins clock work, electric lights, a photogra- 

 phic dev j ce and ot h er complicated attachments, 

 and it requ j r es much longer to test a hole 

 with the appara t us than it does with the Maas 

 device A hole o{ 1>000 feet jn depth can be 

 tested with the latter in about two hours . 



Mr Maas , ans to use his device in tes ting 

 the d hole bored last ear north of the 



American mine , but the test will not be made 

 unti , ; Re expects that it will take from 

 fouf six hours complete the task . The 

 h , . h d ever b red in North Amer . 



; . h ; bottomed at 3 265 {eet In 

 hj h , J^h bored b 



oun 



patent testing device had been available sev- 

 eral thousand dollars in the operating expenses 

 would have been saved, as the drillers would 

 have been able to work more successfully if 

 they knew the exact dips and angles of the 

 boring as the work progressed. Some twenty 

 holes were put down on the lands that he and 

 his associates own or have under option in the 

 district west of the American mine. The shal- 

 lowest of these were sunk to a depth of 1 000 

 feet, and the second deepest hole was 'out 

 down 2,600 feet. The others were bottomed 

 at various depths from 1,200 to 2000 feet 



_ 



Latest Applications for 



Keward Koads 



FEBRUARY, 1911. 



No. 1124 Sparta township, Kent county, 1.022 

 rmles, gravel, reward $511. 



No. 1125 Sparta township, Kent county, .510 

 ml 'e, class B, reward $255. 



.^'- H26 Sparta township, Kent county, 510 

 mi 'e. class B, reward $255. 



No. 1127 Bowne township, Kent county, 1 

 m ile, class B, reward $500. 



No - 1128 Newark township, Gratiot county 

 1 - 004 mi ' e > clas s B, reward $502. 



No. 1129 Cleon township, Manistee county, 

 2 miles ' c ' ass B, reward $1,000. 



No - 1130 Manila township, Manistee county 

 33 * mile > c 'ass B, reward $266. 



No - 1131 Cleon township, Manistee county 

 - 73 ^ mlle > class B, reward $367. 



N - 1138 Sherman township, Isabella county, 

 : "} lle > class B . reward $500. 



^?- H33 Sherman township, Isabella county 

 1 mlle - class A reward $500. 



No - 1134 ' Bloommgdale township, Van Buren 

 >Jty, .416 mile, class B, reward $208. 



No. 1135 Bloommgdale township, Van Buren 

 county, .586 mile, class B, reward $293. 



, ^ oc 113( >r Ravenna township, Muskegon coun- 

 ty, .986 mile dass B reward $493. 



"fT" Kf* 1101 ? 8 township, Montcalm 

 county, 1318 miles, class B, reward $659. 



i38 r ^ H ke t 1 wnship ' Grand Tra - 

 verse county, 1.004 miles, class B, reward $502. 



No. 1139-Amber township, Mason county, 

 1-041 miles, class E, reward $1,041. 



4 ^rc ssff 



of the more common California species. It 

 has also under way a number of seasoning 

 and durability experiments. This circular 

 gives in condensed from the results of the 

 mechanical tests and the status of the other 

 unfinished experiments, together with some 

 information in regard to the uses of eucalyp- 

 tus wood in California and Australia. 



On the Pacific coast a natural hardwood 

 supply is wanting. Oak and other hardwood 

 lumber shipped in from the Eastern States 

 command such high prices as to make their 

 use impracticable for most purposes. There 

 is need of some hardwood that will grow rap- 

 idly and produce good lumber. Of the woods 

 so far tried, the eucalyptus appears most like- 

 ly to fill this need. True, they will not en- 

 dure extreme cold, but experience indicates 

 that in considerable portions of California 

 i and more restricted districts of New Mexico 

 and Arizona conditions are well adapted to 

 growing them. 



The eucalyptus is a native of Australia and 

 the adjacent islands, where some 150 varieties 

 I are found. It was introduced in California 

 i in 1856, when it was planted around San Fran- 

 cisco Bay for ornamental purposes. During 

 the next few years it was planted in the Santa 

 Clara Valley for wind-breaks. Since 1865 the 

 j eucalypts have been extensively planted in 

 I California, mainly for wind-break purposes 

 around orchards and vineyards, and also for 

 fuel. The extensive planting operations en 

 jthe past four or five years have been taken 



formation 



. ' n f. ' * 



w " e encountered. Mr Maas believes from 

 what he couldlearn of the borings that at 

 tw _ or three different points the hole drifted 

 ff n a " angle of from 40 to 60 degrees. He 

 be | eves . the ho . Ie covered a large area and it 

 wl11 be interesting to learn in just what direc- 

 tlon , u travels It has not been determined 

 exa <:tly what direction the bottom of the hole 

 ^ from the point where the drill was stationed, 

 but the tests will indicate this. 



In putting down the deep hole, Cole & Me- 

 Donald frequently changed rods, bits and oth- 

 er material in order to avoid the possibility 

 of breakage in the boring. A larger number 

 f blank bits were used than in any other 

 hole ever bored, the total being 639. Four 

 sets of five-eighths-inch wire rope were used 

 "P and twenty-five core drills, five core barrels 

 an d seven core lifters were used. Two large 

 B drums were broken by the heavy strain up- 

 on them in hoisting the rods. 



Mr. Maas is satisfied that the record made 

 i" this hole will probably not be duplicated 

 anywhere in the country for some years, 

 though the larger drills manufactured are ca- 

 paole of putting down holes 5,000 feet in 

 depth. The largest previous hole drilled in 

 North America was put down in Arizona about 

 a year before the completion of the hole west 

 of the American rriine. 



The drilling of the deep hole was an ex- 

 pen^'ve job. Mr. Maas believes that if his 



No ' -Pere Marquette township, Mason 

 county, .868 mile, class E, reward $868 



No 1144 _ Morton towAship, Mecosta county 

 . 246 mile, class B, reward $123 



No ins-Morton township, Mecosta county 

 984 mile> dass B> reward Jg 8 



No H 46 _p e re Marquette township, Mason 

 countVj L048 mileS) class B reward $ ^ 4 



No ii 48 _Hebron township, Cheboygan coun- 

 ty , 1.666 miles, class B, reward $833 



No. 1147 Sherman township, Mason county 

 . 47S m j] e; c i ass g ; reward $ 2 89. 



No. 1149 Beaugrand township, Cheboygan 

 C0 unty, 1.932 miles, class B, reward $966 



NO. 1150 Benton township, Cheboygan coun- 

 t y, 1.287 miles, class E, reward $1,287. 



No. 1151 Inverness township, Cheboygan 

 county, .632 mile, class E, reward $632. 



No. 1152 Onekama township, Manistee coun- 

 ty, 1.8 miles, class B, reward $900. 



\ . 1153 Coe township, Isabella county, 1.004 

 miles, class B, reward $502. 



No. 1154 Benton township, Eaton county, 

 1.004 miles, class B, reward $502. 



No. 1155 Crystal Falls township, Iron coun- 

 ty, .384 mile, class B, reward $192. 



No. 1156 Ingallston township, Menominee 

 county, 7.34 miles, class B, reward $3,670. 



No. 1157 Cherry Grove township, Wexford 

 county, 1.90 mile, class C, reward $1,470. 



George William, a well known lumberman 

 and for many 3'ears a resident of Delta coun- 

 ty, is dead at Escanaba. 



