18 The Forests of America 



logs were made slanting at the ends, and fastened 

 together with wooden pins. Nails were scarce 

 and costly, and therefore wooden pins were 

 driven into auger holes to answer the same pur- 

 pose. Poles for rafters were finally put in place, 



A HOUSE RAISING 



running the entire distance from gable to gable, 

 and the raising was complete. The settler was 

 left to add the finishing touches to his new home. 

 Long, hand-split shingles called "shakes" or 

 square pieces of birch or chestnut bark made the 

 roof. These were held in place by long and slender 

 roof poles that were fastened to the rafters by 

 means of wooden pins. 



