CONIFERAE. 65 



should be consulted. With Baiera longifolia and B. Czekanowskiana Heer 

 once found flowers differing from those of the Ginkgo-forms in the larger 

 number of umbellately arranged pollen-sacs. Their connection with Ginkgo 

 is supported by Schenk's l discovery of quite similar flowers in the Rhaetic 

 beds of Bamberg in company with Baiera longifolia, which are described by 

 him as Stachyopitys Preslii and are figured by Schimper 2 . In some of 

 these flowers the pollen-sacs spread like the spokes of a wheel, in others 

 they hang down, being attached above to the common conical connective : 

 Schenk 3 suspects that this indicates a generic difference, but it is conceiv- 

 able that the latter is the condition of the anther before, the former after it 

 is unfolded. 



Further, Heer places the genera Czekanowskia and Phoenicopsis from 

 the Jurassic formation of Siberia with the Salisburieae, but their position is 

 much less certain than that of the forms which we have just been considering. 

 This is owing to the circumstance that Heer 4 was tempted to compare 

 Czekanowskia with Isoetes. Czekanowskia has fascicles of linear leaves 

 repeatedly and dichotomously branched and with capillary terminal lobes ; 

 whether they have one or several nerves is not clear from Heer's description. 

 They stand, as I have satisfied myself from original specimens in the 

 British Museum, several together on a short slender shoot beset with closely 

 crowded scale-leaves ; and it is this shoot which in conjunction with the 

 dichotomous division of the leaves has turned the scale in determining the 

 systematic position of the plant. Besides, as Schenk reminds us, the short 

 shoots are not thrown off in Ginkgo or in the rest of the Coniferae with the 

 single exception of the pines ; that they were regularly deciduous in 

 Czekanowskia is evident from the constant occurrence of connected fascicles 

 of leaves. The leaves are often beset with ovoid swellings arranged in rows 

 or sometimes crowded together and of doubtful character^ which Heer 

 would refer to leaf-fungi. If the very peculiar fructification figured by 

 Heer 5 really belongs to Czekanowskia, as almost seems to be the case, still 

 this genus appears to me to be essentially distinct from Ginkgo, and the 

 habit, as Heer rightly judges, reminds us rather of Ephedra. Similar fossils 

 are also figured by Schmalhausen 6 . 



Phoenicopsis, Heer 7 agrees with Czekanowskia in having short leafy 

 shoots, which are surrounded by small scale-leaves, and fall off entire ; but 

 the leaves are quite simple undivided and ribbon-like, rounded at the apex, 

 narrowing gradually to the point of attachment, and sessile. According to 

 Heer they have simple parallel nerves. In connection with Phoenicopsis 

 must be mentioned, lastly, Heer's genus Feildenia s , an extremely doubtful 



1 Schenk (3), t. 6. a Schimper (1), t. 75, ff. 15, 16. 3 Zittel (1), p. 261. * Heer 



(5), vol. 4 n, p. 65. * Heer (5), vol. 411, t. 21, f. 8. Schmalhausen (1). 7 Heer (5), 



vol. 4 n, t. 30. 8 Heer (5), vol. 2 in, t. 6 ; vol. 5 I, t. i. 



F 



