78 CONIFERAE. 



anatomical structure of the leaves. These are one-nerved in all the species, 

 and their vascular bundle is accompanied on both sides by a broad trans- 

 fusion-wing composed of reticulate tracheides. Hypodermal fibres are 

 frequent, differently distributed in the different species. Ullmannia Bronnii, 

 known by the name of Frankenberg copper-spikes, occurs in the cupriferous 

 clays of Frankenberg in Hesse in small fragments of leafy branches, which 

 are the centres of formation of the copper-glance, and were therefore 

 formerly the object of mining operations in the district. Their crowded 

 shortly linguiform leaves scarcely differ from those of other ordinary species 

 of Pagiophyllum. Two or three other forms, Ullmannia selaginoides, 

 U. frumentaria, and U. orobiformis have more elongated leaves ; those of 

 U. frumentaria are acute and slightly keeled on the back, which is crowded 

 with stomata ; in the two other species they are almost cylindrical and 

 rounded at the tip. They occur frequently in the form of impressions in 

 the Kupferschiefer of many localities, especially of Gera ; as petrifactions 

 in calcium carbonate with their structure preserved they are found only 

 near Ilmenau in Thiiringen imbedded in nodules. From the latter specimens 

 we learn that U. frumentaria had distinct parallel subepidermal strands of 

 fibres, while in the two other species a thin continuous fibre-layer is found 

 in the same position. The facts are stated the reverse way by an oversight 

 in Schenk l , and the synonym U. lycopodioides is placed with U. selaginoides, 

 whereas it belongs to U. frumentaria. Elliptical or ovoid cone-like bodies are 

 found in large numbers both at Frankenberg and Gera, made up of lanceo- 

 late scales and resembling in habit those first described under the head of 

 Walchia. Cones of the kind have been found at Gera attached to branches 

 of U. frumentaria 2 , but unfortunately we know nothing of their structure. 

 They are variously figured by Geinitz 3 . Peculiar scales also are found in 

 Frankenberg which are sometimes united into cone-like aggregations, and 

 in this state they were considered by Goppert to be the fructification of 

 Ullmannia ; as it is not certain that they belong to Coniferae, I have given 

 them the name of Strobilites Bronnii, which does not prejudge the question. 

 These scales are circular with an umbo on one face, and have the thickened 

 margin embellished with radiating furrows ; on the other face is a short 

 central stalk round which, when the preservation is unusually good, a girdle 

 of areolae may be observed, each with a minute round protuberance at its 

 centre. These are doubtless the scars of deciduous organs, perhaps of 

 seeds. I may refer the reader to my treatise already mentioned for further 

 details respecting these questionable remains. 



Branches and branch-systems from the Mesozoic deposits, having much 

 the habit of Arthrotaxis, have been named by Brongniart Brachyphyllum. 



1 Zittel (1), p. 274. " Solms, Graf zu (1), t. i, f. 9. 3 Geinitz (1) and (2). 



