2 ! LEPIDODENDREA E. 



from one another by wide intervals ; according to Zeiller's account they are 

 polygonal with the lateral corners truncated, and show the characteristic 

 three trace-points. Close above them in all cases is the so-called ligular pit, 

 which is depicted by Zeiller as a diminutive circular scar. The genus appears 

 unfortunately to be a scarce one ; the only perfectly satisfactory well-preserved 

 specimens that I have seen are in the collection of the Ecole des Mines at 

 Paris. If indeed the flakes of cuticle pierced with small holes which form 

 the paper-coal of Tovarkova near Tula belong to Bothrodendron, as Zeiller 1 

 endeavours to show and as is indeed probable, the genus must have been 

 enormously developed in that locality very low down in the Carboniferous 

 formation on the horizon of the Carboniferous Limestone. In fact all our 

 specimens hitherto have come from the Lower Carboniferous deposits, or 

 at least from the bottom of the Middle series. And when we consider 

 Heer's statements noticed above on p. 202 respecting the rind of certain 

 infra-Carboniferous Knorriae, we can scarcely avoid the conclusion that 

 these are states of preservation of Bothrodendron. At Carvin, in the 

 Department of the Pas de Calais, Zeiller has also found leafy branches with 

 repeated bifurcations, which are proved by the leaf-scars on the older parts 

 to belong certainly to Bothrodendron. These branches bear very short 

 almost scale-like acutely lanceolate leaves, which are in loose array and 

 show the smooth surface of the stem between them. Exactly similar stems, 

 which also have similar leafy branches but without the large Ulodendroid 

 cup-shaped scars, have been described by Boulay 2 as Rhytidodendron 

 minutifolium ; a figure of the surface of the plant will be found in Zeiller 3 . 

 According to Kidston these stems occur not only in the North of France, 

 but also in several parts of Scotland. It is natural to assume with Zeiller 

 that there is a similar relation between Bothrodendron and Rhytidodendron 

 to that which has been shown to be probable between Ulodendron and 

 Lepidodendron. In both cases we should have the cones in different species 

 of the same type at one time on the stem and on the thicker branches, at 

 another terminal on the extremities of smaller branches. 



Closely connected with the Ulodendron-forms, in the opinion of all 

 authors, is the genus Lepidophloios 4 , to which Lomatophloios, Corda may 

 also be joined. Though this genus has been known for a long time, yet it 

 is greatly in need of fresh examination, for there are various points con- 

 nected with it which are still obscure. The most thorough treatment of it 

 up to the present time will be found in Corda 5 , Goldenberg 6 , Weiss 7 , and O. 

 Feistmantel 8 ; Stur 9 also has occupied himself with it. The platter-shaped 

 scars are quite similar in character to those of the remains which we have 

 been considering, but they are arranged on the stem in four lines instead of 



1 Zeiller (2). Boulay (1). 3 Zeiller (2), t. 9, f. 2. 4 Sternberg, Graf von (1), Heft 1-4, p. 13 ; 

 t. 1 1, ff. 2-4. s Corda (1). Goldenberg (1). 7 Weiss (1). * O. Feistmantel (3). 9 Star (5). 



