CALAMARIEAE. 339 



which are wanting in the case of the others, but we have meanwhile his 

 express testimony l . Both leafy branches and fertile spikes were found 

 together attached to rather thick flattened stalks covered with a thin rind 

 of coal, exactly in the manner represented by Weiss 2 . Now Weiss had 

 already compared the piece of stem in his specimen, which has an annular 

 swelling at the upper node, with the doubtful Equisetides lingulatus (see 

 above on p. 178) ; Renault 3 too, though not as the result of more searching 

 examination, had referred this form to Annularia longifolia, and Schenk 4 on 

 the strength of the specimen figured had assented though not unreservedly to 

 this view. And now it receives fresh support from Sterzel. Sterzel was not 

 able to distinguish a specimen before him of the remains in question from 

 his Annularia-stalks. He says that there should be eight fertile spikes at 

 the nodes, and their sporophylls should show the customary structure of 

 Calamostachys. Weiss 5 again has found a quite normal Calamostachys 

 in direct connection with Calamites ramosus and its leaves, that is with 

 Annularia ramosa. Another colossal spike with the habit of Palaeostachya 

 Schimperiana and similar Macrostachyae, which has also been proved to 

 belong to Calamostachys, Calamostachys Solmsi 6 , was found by myself 

 connected with a Calamitina in the Skalley mine at Saarbriicken. The 

 block of stone was of huge size, and contained in its different planes of 

 stratification a large number of spikes a foot long and converging in tufts 

 towards one point. It is true that the connection of the tuft with the im- 

 pression of Calamitina was not perfect 7 , so that the case cannot be taken 

 as quite certainly established, though personally I am fully convinced 

 that it is to be trusted. Lastly, Palaeostachya arborescens, Weiss, a 

 form so near to P. Schimperiana above described that it perhaps coincides 

 with it, has been found in connection with Stylocalamites arborescens, 

 Weiss 8 . To the literature cited by Weiss may be added the figure in 

 Lesquereux 9 , as a fine specimen illustrating the connection in corresponding 

 manner. The specimen is named in the text 10 Volkmannia crassa, Lesq. 

 It is characteristic of this form that the large cylindrical spikes, which are 

 borne in large numbers on quite short thin branchlets, are every one of 

 them directly attached to the nodes of the stems of Calamitae. There are 

 leaves to be seen in one of Weiss' figures n , which may perhaps have be- 

 longed to the stem. Such leaves are depicted in Lesquereux also, though 

 they are shorter and apparently still attached. 



To the foregoing statement of facts serving as a basis for further 

 conclusions, it will be necessary to add a few words on the points of view 



1 Sterzel (4), p. 82. a Weiss (6), t. 2, f. i. 3 Renault (2), vol. ii, p. 127. 4 Schenk (2), 

 P- 231, t. 39. 6 Weiss (5), p. 184, t. 6. 6 W 7 eiss (6), t. 18 and (5), p. 177. 7 Weiss (6), 



t. 18, f. i. 8 Weiss (5), p. 206; tt. 14, 15, 16. 9 Lesquereux (1), vol. iii, t. 90, f. i. 



10 Lesquereux (1), vol. iii, p. 719. n Weiss (5), t. r6, f. i. 



Z 2 



