Legs. The way in which the legs are placed under a horse materially affect the animal's 

 usefulness. A leg should set squarely and perpendicularly "under each corner" of the animal. 

 If the legs are too wide apart the horse will have a tendency to "roll" when moving — if too 

 close together the feet will "interfere." From the front, the forelegs should be so placed that 

 a plumb line dropped from the shoulder point will fall directly in the center of the knee, follow 

 down the center line of the cannon, and divide the foot in the middle. A plumb line hung from 

 the middle of the arm at the side of the leg should touch the center of the side of the knee, 

 follow along the middle of the cannon joint, and fall directly behind the foot. Viewing the 

 hind legs from the rear, a line dropped from the point of the buttock should divide the hock 

 and cannon in half and fall directly behind the center of the foot. The same line viewed 

 from the side should barely touch the cannon and run parallel to it. * 



Head and Neck. The nostrils should be large and thin, the mouth regular and the lips 

 firmly held. The nose and face should be lean and straight, i. e., neither dished nor Roman. 

 The eyes should be of good 6ize, prominent, wide apart, and clear. Medium sized ears carried 

 well forward and not too close together are most desirable. The jaw must be neat, but strong 

 and well muscled with the two points far apart to provide plenty of room for the throat. 

 There should be room enough between the points to admit your fist. The juncture of the 

 head and neck should be clean and the throat latch free from coarseness. The neck should 

 be arched and gradually increase in depth and thickness from the head to the body. At the 

 body the neck should enlarge to blend well with the shoulders. A large clearly defined wind 

 pipe is desirable. 



The Forequarters. The shoulders from their lower point to the top of the withers should 

 slope at an angle of about 45 degrees v The withers should be fine and high enough to give 

 the animal proper symmetry. A good arm is one which is short, large, and heavily muscled. 

 A good forearm is one which is relatively long, broad, strong, and heavily muscled. The knees 

 should be deep and wide. The cannons must be short, large, clean cut and free from meati- 

 ness. The tendons at the back of the cannons should stand far back, giving the appearance of 

 fatness at this place. A good fetlock joint is large but at the same time free from coarseness. 

 Pasterns of medium length, fair size, and a slope of about 45 degrees are most desirable. The 

 front feet of the draft horse should be large, almost round and of good depth. The length of 

 the toe in front should be three times the height of the heel wall. Half way between the heel 

 and the toe the height of the wall should be about two-thirds the length of the toe. The horn 

 of the hoof should be dark colored, firm, and dense. The heel should be broad and open. Lift 

 the foot, and holding it by taking the toe in the hand, observe the bottom. The sole should 

 be slightly concave, the bars strong and firm, and the frog large and elastic. The whole foot 

 should show the same slope as the pastern. It should be free from cracks and rough places on 

 the wall. The top of the quarters behind the foot should be examined for hardening of the 

 lateral cartilages. The hardening of these cartilages results in side bones. Any defect or ab- 

 normal character of the foot or pastern joint is to be severely criticized. 



Body. From a position in front and somewhat to one side of the horse, observe the ani- 

 mal's body. The chest should be very deep and wide — the heart girth large; the breast, full. 

 The ribs should be rounding, long and well sprung. A good back is level, short, broad and 

 heavily muscled. The loin or coupling is likewise broad, short and thickly covered with mus- 

 cle. The loin should be so short that the last rib is not farther away from the hip joint than 

 the width of one's hand. The body should show decided depth at the flanks. 



Hindquarters. One must observe the hindquarters both from the side and from the rear. 

 As seen from \he side, the croup should be long and relatively level; the thigh and gaskins. 

 deep and wide; the hock joints wide and clean cut. Note the pasterns and feet. 



Now take a position to the rear of the horse. In doing this, take care not to get hurt. 

 Never touch a horse anywhere behind without first speaking to him loudly enough to be dis- 

 tinctly heard. Note the width and smoothness of the hips. The croup should be wide, 



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