112 Feeds and Feeding. 



gator confirmed his statement that Wolff's maintenance standard 

 was really sufficient in nutrients to allow the animal to make a 

 gain in weight. These statements were at first controverted, 1 the 

 assumption being that the Germans must be right and the Ameri- 

 can investigator wrong. At the Cornell University Station, 2 

 Caldwell, feeding four steers on a ration containing the following 

 nutrients: dry substance 15.3, protein .68, carbohydrates and fat 

 8.6 (nutritive ratio, 1: 13.2), secured the following: 



Weight of 4 steers, January 20, 3,492 pounds. 

 Weight of 4 steers, March 21, 3,672 pounds. 



Here is a gain of 180 pounds in two months on a maintenance 

 ration according to Wolff. 



Eeviewing his own and the work of others, Caldwell wrote: 

 "The results of the many tests to which they (standard rations) 

 have been subjected at various places in the country make it 

 evident that with such data as we at present have at command, 

 no ration can be calculated that will do the same work or pro- 

 duce the effect for which it was calculated in all cases, and per- 

 haps not even in a majority of cases, and that sometimes such 

 rations entirely fail to accomplish the purpose for which they 

 were calculated and used." 



145. Kuehn's standard maintenance ration. Investigations ex- 

 tending from 1882 to 1890 by G. Kuhn 3 show that the full-grown 

 ox kept in perfect quiet in the stall can be maintained on .7 

 pounds of digestible protein and 6.6 pounds of digestible nitrogen- 

 free extract for each one thousand pounds of live weight. If more 

 nutrients than these are supplied, each one hundred grams of 

 digestible starch may cause a deposit of 20 to 24 grams of fat in 

 the body of the ox. 



146. Woll's findings. At the Wisconsin Station, 4 Woll ascer- 

 tained by correspondence with a number of the leading dairymen 

 of America the composition of the rations which they had used 

 successfully with their herds. Eeports were received from the 

 managers of 128 herds including more than 3,000 cows. 



1 See various articles, Rural New-Yorker, 1882. 



2 Kept. 1883-85. 



3 Ldw. Vers. Stat., 44, p. 257. 

 * Bui. 38; Kept. 1894. 



