Minor Cereals, Oil-bearing and Leguminous Seeds. 155 



ton. Connell and Carson, of the same Station, 1 conclude that 

 boiled or roasted cotton seed is more palatable, less laxative and 

 produces more rapid gains than raw cotton seed, but that the 

 latter makes the cheaper gain. They state that the advantages 

 obtained from roasting the seed do not pay for the expense 

 involved. 



At the Mississippi Station, 2 Lloyd, summarizing three years' 

 work, concludes that steamed cotton seed is better and cheaper 

 for producing milk and butter than either raw seed or cotton- 

 seed meal. Butter produced from cotton -seed meal cost twice 

 as much as that produced from steamed or raw seed. The wise 

 planter, knowing the value of whole cotton seed as a stock food, 

 will not dispose of good seed to the oil mills at prices below its 

 worth to him. 



212. Cotton-seed cake and meal. At the oil mills the envelope 

 of the cotton seed is cut by machinery in such a way that the oily 

 kernels are freed from it. These seed-envelopes are known as 

 cotton-seed hulls; they are dry, leathery and covered with lint. 

 The oily kernels, separated from the hulls, are crushed, heated, 

 placed between cloths or sacks and subjected to hydraulic pres- 

 sure to remove the oil. The residue is a yellowish board-like 

 cake about one inch thick, one foot wide and two feet in length. 

 In this form it is shipped abroad as cotton-oil cake. For home 

 use the cake is reduced to meal by grinding, and transported in 

 sacks the same as linseed meal. 



213. Cotton-seed meal for horses. Gebek 3 reports draft horses 

 doing well on a ration containing two pounds of cotton-seed meal. 

 The use of cotton seed-meal for horses will be greatly extended at 

 the South if experiments reveal equally good results. 



214. Feeding steers cotton-seed meal and hulls. The practice 

 of fattening steers exclusively on cotton-seed hulls and cotton-seed 

 meal was begun in the South about 1883. The business has so 

 grown that it is estimated that 400,000 cattle were fattened at the 

 oil mills of the South for the season of 1893-94, besides large 

 numbers of sheep. In these establishments the ration for steers at 



1 Bui. 27. 



2 Bui. 21. 



3 Landw. Vers. Sta., 42, p. 294. 



