Factors in Steer Feeding. 365 



at a cost, however, of about 12 per cent, more grain for a given 

 amount of increase. 



Moscrop 1 reports a feeding trial at Yorkshire, England, in 

 which three lots of steers of four each were used. The first four 

 were confined by tying in the stable, the second placed separately 

 in boxes, each 10 x 10 feet, while the third group occupied an open 

 lot, along one side of which was a shed. Each lot of steers re- 

 ceived the same amount of Indian corn and oil cake, thus throw- 

 ing the difference in the amount of feed consumed on the turnips 

 and straw chaff which were fed additional. The steers in the 

 open lot with shed for shelter made somewhat the most rapid 

 gain, consuming, however, about 50 per cent, more turnips than 

 those confined by tying. Those in the boxes consumed 25 per 

 cent. more. 



At the "Woburn Station, England, equally good results were 

 obtained in two trials with steers running in a yard with shed for 

 shelter, fed in test with others confined in box-stalls. 2 



Thorne and Hickman at the Ohio Station, 3 feeding steers in 

 the barn in opposition to others in the open yard with shed to run 

 under, conclude: "The differences here indicated are not suffi- 

 cient to justify the assertion that either method of caring for 

 cattle was better than the other.' 7 



At the North Carolina Station, 4 Emery, testing the effects of 

 close confinement and liberty of movement, concludes that if 

 cattle are well fed and kept quiet and contented, it does not 

 matter, in feeding for fattening purposes, whether they are tied or 

 turned loose in a limited range. 



Sanborn, experimenting first in Missouri, 5 and later in Utah, ft 

 with steers concludes: "It now looks as though the true method 

 of wintering cattle consists in giving the freedom of warm quar- 

 ters with liberty of outdoor runs at their pleasure." (630) 



562. Changes during fattening to be avoided. Sometimes as 

 grass springs up in May the stockman is not ready to dispose of 



1 Trans. High, and Agr. Soc., 1872. 



2 Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc., 1887, 1890. 



3 Bui. 60. < Bui. 93. 



c Syn. of Expt. Mo. Expt. Sta. 

 Kept. 1892. 



