Appendix. 635 



TABLE IV. FEEDING STANDARDS FOR FARM ANIMALS. 



The table of feeding standards here presented is taken from 

 Mentzel & Lengerke's Landw. Kalender for 1898. It comprises 

 the standards originally prepared by Dr. Emil v. Wolff for that 

 publication, modified by Dr. C. Lehmann. The standards hav- 

 ing been described at length in Chapter VII of this work, little 

 remains to be added for the guidance of the student in their use. 



The standards are arranged to meet the requirements of farm 

 animals under normal conditions. The student should not ac- 

 cept the statements in the standards as absolute, but rather as 

 data of a helpful nature, to be varied in practice as circumstances 

 suggest. 



The statements in the column headed "Dry Matter " should 

 be regarded as approximate only, since the digestive tract of the 

 animal readily adapts itself to variations of 10 per cent, or more 

 from the standard of volume. 



The column headed "Sum of Nutrients" combines the data of 

 the three preceding columns, the ether extract being multiplied 

 by 2.4 before adding. In the first column of this division of the 

 table, marked "Crude Fiber 1," all the digestible nutrients are 

 included. In the second division, marked "Crude Fiber =J," it 

 is assumed that 30 per cent, of the digestible non-nitrogenous 

 nutrients consists of crude fiber, and one-half of this, or 15 per 

 cent., is deducted. This deduction should be made in the case 

 of rations containing much coarse forage. 



The standards are for animals of normal size. Those of small 

 breeds will require somewhat more nutrients, amounting in some 

 cases to .3 of a pound of nitrogenous and 1.5 pounds of non- 

 nitrogenous digestible nutrients daily for 1,000 pounds of live 

 weight of animals. 



Narrowing the nutritive ratio in feeding full-grown animals is 

 for the purpose of lessening the depression of digestibility, (51) 

 to enliven the temperament, or to increase the production of milk 

 at the expense of laying on fat. 



The different standards given for the same class of animals 

 according to performance illustrate the manner and direction in 

 which desirable changes should be made. 



