ANIMAL FEEDS 209 



liness, the attempt had better not be made to feed buttermilk to 

 calves, as disastrous results are otherwise likely to follow. 



Dried buttermilk as well as low-grade skim-milk powder are 

 now on the market and form valuable components of calf, pig or 

 poultry feeds when obtainable at a fair price in comparison with 

 those of grain feeds. 



Whey is obtained as a by-product at cheese factories, and is 

 supplied to patrons in large quantities. It contains only about 

 6.6 per cent solids, viz., 0.3 per cent fat, 0.85 per cent albumen 

 (with a little casein in suspension), 4.8 per cent milk-sugar, and 

 0.65 per cent ash. Whey is a more dilute and more carbonaceous 

 feed than either skim milk or buttermilk (nutritive ratio, 1 : 9, 

 against about 1 : 1.5 for skim milk and buttermilk) ; hence it may 

 be better supplemented by protein feeds than these, like wheat 

 bran, small grains, and oil meal. Whey is fed to pigs almost en- 

 tirely; its value for this purpose has been found to be about one- 

 half of that of skim milk or buttermilk. This would make 12 







pounds of whey equal to one pound of grain feed in feeding value. 

 It has also occasionally been used as a calf feed, but the preceding 

 remarks as to feeding buttermilk to calves apply with still greater 

 force to whey. It must be fed fresh and sweet, if used for this 

 purpose, and with the utmost care as to the various factors that 

 make for successful calf feeding (p. 220). 



QUESTIONS 



1. What packing-house feeds are used for feeding farm animals? Give the 



characteristic properties and uses of each. 



2. What is colostrum milk? 



3. Name the dairy by-products used for feeding farm animals. 



4. What are the characteristics of -each? Name their uses. 



5. What is the average composition of (a) cow's milk, (6) mares', ewes', 



goats', and sows' milk? In the case of the latter kinds, give fat 

 contents only. 



6. What is the relative feeding value of whole milk, skim milk, buttermilk, 



and whey for feeding calves or pigs. 



7. How is skim milk fed to pigs, calves, poultry? What is it worth for 



feeding young stock? 



8. Give several feeds adapted for supplementing (a) skim milk, (&) 



butter milk, (c) whey, in feeding pigs. 



14 



