DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 31 



breeding. In June of the following year he 

 bought in Darlington market a cow which he 

 named Duchess that gave rise to the family 

 that afterward became the subject of the wild- 

 est cattle speculation known in all the annals 

 of English or American agriculture. She was 

 bought from Thomas Appleby, a tenant farmer 

 on the Stanwick estate of Sir Hugh Smithson, 

 afterward created Duke of Northumberland. 

 As already stated, the Stanwick herds had been 

 celebrated locally from a very ancient period. 

 This primal Duchess was described as " a mas- 

 sive, short-legged animal of a beautiful yellow- 

 red flecked color; her breast was near the 

 ground and her back wide. She was, too, a 

 great grower. Mr. Colling considered her han- 

 dling very superior, and no one was a better 

 judge. He even went so far as to say that he 

 considered her the best cow he ever had or ever 

 saw, and confessed that he could never breed 

 as good a one from her, even from his best 

 bulls, which improved all his other cattle." 

 This fine cow cost but thirteen pounds sterling. 

 About the same date Charles Colling bought a 

 cow named Daisy said to have been descended 

 from Masterman's Bull and belonging to a fam- 

 ily of cows noted for their milking properties. 

 Moreover, it was said that she was " very neat 

 in shape and very inclinable to make fat." 

 "The Beautiful Lady Maynard." In 1786 



