THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 101 



better beast than either Duchess 29th or 20th. 

 It is apparent, therefore, that Princess on Duch- 

 ess resulted, as Bates had predicted, in produc- 

 ing Short-horns superior even to the original 

 Duchesses. 



We need but print the same Duke of North- 

 umberland pedigree in the regulation Short- 

 horn Herd Book and Short-horn catalogue 

 style to show how a miscarriage of justice 

 in estimating family credits has been bred and 

 fostered by a pernicious system of pedigree 

 registration; a system that so palpably exag- 

 gerates the relative importance of a certain 

 portion of the maternal ancestry that it seems 

 strange that it should still be tolerated. 



DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, roan, calved Oct. 15, 1835; bred by 

 T. Bates ; got by Belvedere (1706) , dam Duchess 34th by Belvedere 

 (1706) ; second dam Duchess 29th by 2d Hubback ; third dam 

 Duchess 20th by The Earl (1511) ; fourth dam Duchess 8th by 

 Marske (418) ; fifth dam Duchess 2d by Ketton 1st (709) ; sixth dam 

 Duchess 1st by Comet (155) ; seventh dam Duchess by Daisy Bull 

 (186) ; eighth dam by Favorite (252), etc. 



Clearly one would say this is a Duchess bull 

 He was not, however, so far as blood elements 

 are concerned, entitled to such appellation at 

 all, as we have already shown. Just how much 

 the Stan wick Cow, or "my first Duchess," or 

 the "ancestors of the present Duke of Nor- 

 thumberland" had to do with the merit of this 

 great bull must be self-evident from our tab- 

 ulation. Justice compels the placing of the 

 laurel wreath rather upon Thomas Bates and 



