SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 239 



firm in the belief that the tide would some day 

 turn. And so it did. 



Soon after 1850 the clouds that had settled 

 over the industry during the twelve years pre- 

 ceding began to break. The price of meats 

 advanced under a renewed domestic demand 

 and the opening up of foreign markets for 

 grains and provisions. Those who had tena- 

 ciously held their ground in cattle breeding dis- 

 cerned signs of better days near at hand and 

 began taking steps to recruit their herds up to 

 the former standard. We now enter upon a 

 most interesting period of Short-horn history; 

 a period characterized by remarkable activity 

 on the part of powerful interests; a period that 

 witnessed the founding of the great herds at 

 Woodburn and Thorndale; the organization 

 of numerous importing companies in Kentucky, 

 Ohio and New York, and that also marks the 

 extension of Short-horn breeding into Indiana, 

 Illinois and other Western States. 



The first "Duke" for America. Mr. Loril- 

 lard Spencer of New York imported in the year 

 1851 or 1852 the red Bates Duchess bull Duke 

 of Athol (10150), that had been sold at the Kirk- 

 levington sale of 1850 as a calf to Mr. Parker 

 of Penrith for forty guineas. Along with him 

 came the young bull Augustus (11125) and 

 Woldsman (11026), together with the heifers 

 Sonsie 8th, by 2d Cleveland Lad; Faraway, by 



