THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM." 383 



Albion was also exported back to England 

 along with these Dukes of Airdrie. 



The Grand Duchesses. A very famous 

 branch of the Duchess tribe, descended from 

 Mr. Bates' Duchess 51st, had been founded in 

 England under the name of Grand Duchesses. 

 They originated with Mr. S. E. Bolden of 

 Springfield Hall, Lancashire, who sought to 

 correct what he regarded as the faults of the 

 Bates type by means of fresh crosses. Accord- 

 ingly he introduced extraneous blood through 

 the medium of the bulls Cherry Duke (12589), 

 Prince Imperial (15095) and 2d Duke of Bolton 

 (12739). The two latter carried Booth blood; 

 the Prince having for dam Bridecake of the 

 Bliss tribe, and the latter running to Richard 

 Booth's Fame. While the family attained 

 great reputation, and produced some extraor- 

 dinary individual animals, such as Grand Duke 

 3d (16182) and that remarkable cow Grand 

 Duchess 17th, by Mr. Thome's Imperial Oxford 

 (18084), some of the partisans of Bates breed- 

 ing have strenuously denied that the outcrosses 

 really did anything for the vitality of the stock. 

 The fact nevertheless remains that in later 

 years the so-called "pure" Duchesses became 

 totally extinct, and had it not been for the 

 Airdrie and Grand Duchesses, both of which 

 carried Booth outcrosses, Mr. Bates' favorite 

 family would have disappeared. 



