THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 857 



veloped, but should not be too upright; neither 

 should they be too open at the "crops" the 

 junction of the blades at the top. The " chine " 

 which includes the "crops' 7 and the joining 

 of the fore-ribsshould be broad, round and 

 full. The back and loin should be wide and 

 well-furnished with flesh. The ribs ought to 

 be round and deep. A contracted heart-girth 

 is decidedly objectionable. The hips of the 

 bull ought riot to be so conspicuous as in the 

 cow. As strong shoulder development is to be 

 expected in the male, so in the female the hips 

 (" hooks") will naturally find greater promi- 

 nence in order to provide the pelvic capacity 

 required by the demands of the functions of 

 maternity. The quarters should be long and 

 level; the "twist" -space between the thighs 

 well filled, and the flanks and thighs carried 

 low.* 



The Short-horns of the olden time were dis- 

 tinguished for their "table" backs and great 

 scale, but were often rather high from the 

 ground. The market demand for " baby beef " 

 has induced latter-day breeders to seek a 

 shorter-legged, more compactly fashioned, 

 blockier type, such as feed to heavy weights 

 at an early age ; but it is to be hoped that in 



* This description of course applies rather to the beef form than to the 

 dairy type. Where deep-milking capacity is desired the full " twist " and 

 flanks will scarcely be present. The space which in the beef cow is here 

 occupied by flesh will in that case be required for udder development 



