STRUCTURE OF A JOINT. . 69 



C. Ligaments. 



1. What kind of tissue holds the bones to- 



gether after the muscle is removed? 



2. How is this tissue attached to bone so as to 



allow movement at the joint? 



D. Joint-cavity. 



1. Cut through the ligaments with a scalpel so 



as to open the joint-cavity; what is the 

 appearance of the liquid within (synovial 

 fluid) ? 



2. Suggest the use of the synovial fluid. 



E. Cartilage. 



1 . Cut thin slices of cartilage from the ends of 



the bones; what are the characteristics 

 of cartilage ? 



2 . Why is cartilage placed at the ends of bones 



where motion occurs? 



F. Bones. 



1. Describe the way the bones fit together at 



the joint. 



2. Is twisting motion possible at this joint? 



G. Periosteum. 



Stick the point of the scalpel into the sur- 

 face of the bone where all the muscle has been 

 removed. Peel off some of the thin .mem- 

 brane (periosteum). 



1. What are the characteristics of periosteum? 



2. Where do you find periosteum on long 



bones? 



H. Make a list of all the structures found in the 

 joint, giving the use of each. 



