THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 



PUP-E] 



FEBRUARY 



C. lychnitis in earthen cocoon, 



near white and black mullein ; 

 s. 2 years in pupa 



asteris near golden rod, c. ; 



s. 2 years in pupa 



gnaphalii near golden rod 



,. umbratica sub., near Sonchus, 



&c. 



H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis 

 procurrens 



,, dipsacea among melilot, and 



probably Silene otites and 

 Linaria 

 A. myrtilli spun up, in heath 



E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla 



rep tans, and grass 

 B. argentula among grass, on the 



ground 

 B. parthenias ...at birch, in crevices 



of bark, or on the ground 

 A. urticse spun up, among nettle 



leaves 

 triplasia spun up, among nettle 



leaves, hop, &c. [g ar is 



P. aenea among Polygalavul- 



E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices, 



in palings, walls, &c. , near elder 

 G. canella among Salsola kali 



IMAGOS] 



The species ordinarily due this month will be round specified below ; 

 but it does not follow that they will be obtainable, even in a favourable 

 locality, unless the weather is tolerably mild. 



Some of the wingless 9 of the genus Hibernia, especially when they hide 

 on tree trunks, are often a puzzle to see. In searching trunks, palings, and 

 wooden fences for moths, an operation which may with advantage be pursued 

 at almost all seasons of the year, not much success is likely to follow unless 

 it be done systematically. As in pupa digging, the most protected side of the 

 tree trunk is found to be the most productive, which is generally the northern 

 and eastern face. It is seldom of much use examining the southern side at 

 all ; it is probably too much exposed to sunshine and the prevailing winds to be 

 agreeable as a place of concealment. Fences in protected situations are con- 

 sequently found to be better for harbouring insects than where fully exposed. 

 Some of the larger moths thus resting are conspicuous enough, even from a 

 distance ; others from their resemblance in colour and marking to the tree 

 trunk or fence, or the lichen upon them, are difficult to be discerned, especially 

 if the wood under examination is a gloomy one, or their resting place is in a 

 "bad light." The tree to be examined should be approached carefully, or 

 some species which are easily alarmed will flit off before the net can be 

 brought into use. A general examination of the north-eastern aspect should 

 be first made, from the highest point at which a moth can be seen down to 

 the ground; then, if small, or inconspicuous species are being sought for, 

 the finger should be passed in lines down the trunk, the eye attentively 

 following. To the surprise of the searcher he will sometimes thus come 

 upon a specimen he would otherwise have missed. 



E. lanestris on tree trunks, near 



the ground 

 P. pilosaria <$ comes to light ; 9 



on tree trunks, &c. 



A. prodromaria, e. at rest on trees 

 N. hispidaria ... at rest on oak 



trunks 

 T. crepuscularia at rest on trees 



