THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 



PUPJE] JANUARY 



Pupae hunting this month, with the thermometer down, and "the wind's 

 low stave" exercising its depressing effect, is likely to be rather trying work. 

 In the list which is appended the species which are to be found in the early 

 part of the winter are repeated, in order that the full amount of work to be 

 done in this department may be seen, and that that which has not been 

 sufficiently attended to before the winter set in, may be looked after as 

 opportunity offers. 



P. 



C. 



Machaon ...... on stems of Peuce- 



danum palustre ; in fens 



v aling5>walls ' 



nap ......... 



cardamines ...on stems of grass, &c. 

 ocellatus ...... sub. at willows, pop- 



lars, &c. 

 populi ......... sub. at poplars, wil- 



low, &c. 

 tilise ............ sub. at elm, lime, 



beech 

 ligniperda ...at various trees ; 



spun up, under bark, &c. ; but 



s. buries 

 asellus ......... spun up, on a leaf 



mendica . ..... under moss, on trees 



bordering ditches 

 lubricepeda ) spun up, on trees, 

 menthrasti ) palings, &c. 

 urticae ......... under moss, on trees 



pudibunda ...in dead leaves, 



under moss, &c. 

 lanestris ...... cocoon on the 



ground, near hawthorn, sloe, 



&c. ; s. remains in pupa many 



years 



versicolora ...spun up, at birch 

 carpini ......... cocoon amongst 



leaves, heath, &c. 

 dolobraria .. .under moss, on oak, 



&c. 

 illunaria ...... sub. , at willow, oak, 



&c. 

 lunaria ......... at sloe, oak, nut, &c. 



bidentata ...... under moss, on 



various trees 

 zonaria ...... sub., at 'sandhills, 



on the coast 

 hispidaria ...at oak 

 hirtaria ......... sub., at elm, linfe, 



ash, and fruit trees 



A. prodromaria sub. , at oak, elm, &c. 

 betularia sub., at oak, elm, 



birch, and other trees 

 H. abruptaria ...spun up, on twigs, 



&c., of lilac, rose, or privet 

 T. consonaria ...under moss, at r. of 



beech, oak, birch 

 T. crepuscularia under moss, on alder, 



birch, elm, poplar, willow ; or 



in bark crevices 

 ,, biundularia ...spun up, on oak, 



and birch 

 punctulata ...under moss, on 



birch and alder ; or in bark 



crevices 

 I. lactearia spun up, among 



leaves of oak, and birch 

 E. porata fastened to leaf of 



oak 

 punctaria fastened to leaf of 



oak, or birch 

 . trilineraria ...fastened to leaf of 



beech 

 pendularia ...fastened to leaf of 



birch 



E. heparata among moss, &c., 



on alder 



C. exanthemaria spun up, under 

 leaves of sallow, and alder 



M. liturata at larch, rarely with- 

 in 2 ft. of the tree 



N. pulveraria ...in withered sallow 

 leaves 



F. carbonaria ...among dead leaves 



of sallow, and birch 



tl piniaria at Scotch fir, and 



larch ; in open places in woods, 

 rarely within 2 ft. of the tree, 

 at 1/2 to 2 in. deep 

 H. rupicapraria in a slight web, on 

 the ground, among hawthorn, 

 sloe, or oak 



