140 



THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 



LARVAE] AUGUST 



We now begin to find many of our larvae commencing a life of feeding, 

 which, on and off, will not terminate until May, or June, of the following 

 year. These deliberate eaters appear in the lists with the contraction "h.," 

 signifying that they hibernate. Most of these are now quite small, and few 

 will repay the trouble and risk of keeping all the winter ; for even with the 

 food-plant in a growing state, large numbers of hibernating larvae always die 

 in confinement ; they are, therefore, generally better left until the spring, 

 unless special reasons exist for trying to rear them. Sometimes part of a 

 brood, in confinement, will complete its change to the pupa, or even the per- 

 fect state, in the autumn, while the other part will not do so until the spring. 



P. Machaon Peucedanum palus- C. 



tre, and other Umbelliferas ; in ,, 

 fens P. 



P. crataegi, h. ...hawthorn, sloe, and 



orchard trees L. 



A. Paphia, h. ...dog, and sweet 

 violet ; in a slight web, on, or 

 near the ground M 



Aglaia, h dog, and sweet 



violet, and wild heartsease N. 



Niobe, h dog, and sweet 



violet, and wild heartsease H. 



,, adippe, h. ...dog, and sweet violet S. 



Latona dog, and sweet 



violet, and wild heartsease 

 M. Artemis, h. ...scabious, plantain, ,, 

 woodbine ; will also eat fox- 

 glove, wood sage, &c. 

 Athalia, h. ...narrow-leaved plan- 

 tain, foxglove, wild germander D. 



V. c. -album nettle, elm, hop, 



sloe, currant 



urticae nettle n 



L. sibylla, h. ...honeysuckle 



A. Iris, h sallow, poplar 



A. Galatea, h. ..timothy, and other 



grasses 



E. Epiphron, h. Poa annua, Festuca 

 ovina, and small rushes ; in 

 mountain bogs 



S. Semele, h. ...quaking grass, couch 

 grass, &c. ; on dry hill-sides, 

 and on sand-hills along the sea- 

 shore ; feeds by night ; hides at C. 

 the r., and under clods by day 

 lanira, h. ... meadow grasses [&c. 

 Tithonus, h. annual meadow grass, 

 hyperanthus, h. annual meadow, 

 millet, and other grasses 



Davus, h Rhynchospora alba 



Pamphilus ...grasses 



Phloeas dock, ragwort, 



sorrel 



Boetica Colluteaarborescens 



Alexis, 2 rest harrow, clover, 



trefoil, &c. 



Adonis, b., 2. Hippocrepis co- 

 mosa, &c. 



Lucina primrose, and cowslip ; 



eats small holes in the leaves 



linea, h grasses 



ocellatus .willow, sallow, pop- 

 lar, apple ; will also eat sloe, 

 peach, almond, &c. 



populi poplar, sallow, wil- 

 low ; will also eat birch, laurel, 

 laurustinus 



tiliae elm, lime, beech 



euphorbiae ...Euphorbia paralis, 

 and E. cyparissias. Feeds 

 exposed 



galii Galium verum, and 



G. elatum. In their native 

 haunts, on the sea shore, they 

 feed from the beginning of this 

 month, till the end of Oct. They 

 seem to prefer the scrubby 

 plants ; are nearly always found 

 in pairs ; and may be traced 

 from the frass, on the sand- 

 hills. They vary very much in 

 appearance 



celerio Galium, vine 



porcellus Galium ; also willow 



herb, and vine 



elpenor Galium palustre, G. 



uliginosum, and other Galiums ; 

 also willow herb, fuschia, vine 



