THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 



149 



PUPJE] 



AUGUST 



A. derivata sub., at dog rose 



C. unidentaria, m. among bedstraw, 

 and sweet woodruff, in a slight 

 web, on the surface of the 

 ground [broom 



C. obliquaria ...to April, among 



D. vinula, e. ...to May, spun up, 



on trunk of willows, poplars, 



and sallow ; three or four feet 



from the ground 



P. Cassinea sub., at oak ; deep 



N. carmelita to April, sub., at 



birch 



D. cseruleocephala spun up, at haw- 

 thorn, and sloe ; under bark, or 



on twig 

 C. ocularis, e. ...at poplar; spun up, 



under moss, &c. ; or between 



leaves 

 ridens spun up, at oak, 



among rubbish ; or under bark ; 



s. among leaves, and falls with 



them ; tender 

 A. alni to April, between 



leaves of various trees ; or in- 

 side bramble sticks 

 N. typhse, e in stems of Typha 



latifolia 

 G. flavago inside thistle, and 



burdock stems ; about 3 in. from 



the ground 

 T. piniperda to Mar., at Scotch, 



and other firs, in open places in 



fir woods, and on the margin ; 



in crevices of bark, or under 



moss, and fallen needles ; rarely 



within 2 ft. of the tree, ii in. 



to 2 in. deep 

 T. gothica to Feb., at various 



trees ; just beneath the surface 

 to Feb., at r. of 

 low plants ; below 

 the surface 

 to Feb., at r. of 

 various trees ; just 

 below the surface 

 opima to Feb. , at r. of Rosa 



spinosissima, and dwarf sallow ; 



below the sand, on sand-hills, 



in the North 



leucographa 

 rubricosa ... 



instabilis ... 

 stabilis . . . 



T. populeti to Feb., sub., at 



poplars ; especially Populus 



nigra ; deep 

 gracilis to Feb., sub., at 



willows, sallows, and low plants 

 miniosa among fallen oak 



leaves, &c. 

 munda under moss, at base 



of oaks 

 cruda to Feb., sub., at 



oak 

 O. lota between leaves of 



willow, and sallow ; or on the 



ground 

 macilenta at r. of beech, and 



birch 



S. satellitia sub., at oak 



X. citrago, b. ... between united 



leaves of lime 

 cerago, b. ... sub., among low 



plants, near sallow 

 gib/ago, b. ...sub., at wytch elm 

 aurago in a cocoon, at 



beech 

 ferruginea ... sub., at sallow, 



poplar, &c. 



C. xerampelina sub. , at ash ; cocoon, 



very tender, and brittle 



D. templi sub., at r. of Hera- 



cleum sphondylium, &c. 

 M. oxyacanthae ..in a cocoon, on the 



ground ; among sloe; and haw- 

 thorn 



A. Aprilina sub., at oak 



C. vetusta among meadow, and 



marsh plants ; on the surface 

 exoleta among scabious, 



campion, rest harrow, &c. 

 C. fraxini, b amongst the leaves 



of ash, and poplar 

 nupta at Salixfragilis, and 



poplar ; among the leaves ; or 



in crevices of bark ; or under 



loose bark 

 P. festucse conspicuous amongst 



rush, &c. ; near the sea 

 P. acanthodactylus on Bartsia, and 



rest haiTow 



, r dichrodactylus on tansy 

 A. polydactyla ..on honeysuckle 



