i 7 6 



THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 



PUP^E] 



SEPTEMBER 



instabilis 

 stabilis 



flavago inside thistle, and A. 



burdock stems, about 3 in. from H. 

 the ground 



piniperda at Scotch, and other ,, 



firs ; in open places in fir woods, 

 and on the margin ; in crevices 

 of bark, or under moss, and 

 fallen needles ; rarely within 2 

 ft. of the tree ; Ij^ in. to 2 in. C. 

 deep 



gothica at various trees ; 



just beneath the surface 



leucographa ) at r. of low plants ; 



rubricosa . . . ) below the surface 

 at r. of various trees; 

 just below the 

 surface 



opima at r. of Rosa spino- 



sissima, and dwarf sallow ; 

 below the sand, on sand-hills, 

 in the N. 



populeti sub., at poplars, 



especially Populus nigra ; deep 



gracilis sub., at willows, 



sallows, and low plants 



miniosa among fallen leaves, H. 



&c. 



munda under moss, at base A. 



of oaks B. 



cruda sub. , at oak 



macilenta ...sub., in an oval B. 

 cocoon, at beech, and birch 



serena to May, sub., near 



Sonchus, and lettuce P. 



Aprilina, b. ...sub., at oak 

 glauca to May, sub., near 



sallow, and birch 

 oleracea to April, sub., near 



elm, nettle, dock, &c. ; also in 



kitchen gardens 

 thalassina to May, sub., near 



honeysuckle, sallow, broom, &c. 

 verbasci to April, in a large 



tough, earthen cocoon, below 



the surface ; near mullein, and 



figwort 

 lychnitis to April, in an 



earthen cocoon, near white, 



and black mullein ; s. 2 yrs. in 



pupa 

 asteris to April, near golden 



rod, &c. ; s. 2 yrs. in pupa 

 gnaphalii to April, near golden 



rod 



absynthii to April, near worm- 

 wood 



chamomillse near chamomile, &c. 

 umbratica ...to May, sub., near 



Sonchus, &c. 

 marginata ...sub., near Ononis 



procurrens 



myrtilli spun up, in heath 



argentula to May, among grass, 



on the ground 

 parthenias ...to Mar., at birch, 



in crevices of bark, or on the 



ground 

 pterodactylus on Convolvulus 



IMAGOS] 



Although the freshly-emerged species this month, are not numerous, many 

 of them are very local, or rare. L. Bcetica, which has occasionally been 

 taken recently, may possibly be found more frequently if diligently sought 

 for, as it may have been overlooked among the common L. Alexis. S. con- 

 volvuli, D. lineata, and C. celerio occasionally come to flowers, and have 

 been taken at rest in strange places, and on strange substances. The beauti- 

 ful D. pulchella should be sought for in the day time in stubble-fields. S. 

 sacraria is also a day-flyer, but frequents no special locality. The grand 

 blue underwing, C. fraxini, has been found at rest. Some of the hiber- 

 nating species, which may be found this month, are also rare. The bait of 

 sugar should be continued to be employed this month, until the ivy blossoms 

 come out. On hills,, and in sunny spots, these blossoms expand much earlier 

 than in colder, and damper situations. 



