APPENDIX. 133 



to a quarter of a mile, towards the eastward, opposite Littleton. 

 Having passed this tract, we approach the principal stratum of 

 the district, which is a portion of " one of the most extensive 

 surfaces of the Shanklin sand in England. This sand rises 

 rapidly in many places to a considerable elevation : at St. 

 Martha's Chapel it equals or out-tops the chalk, though less 

 than a mile from it horizontally." This character extends over 

 a great portion of the district, presenting numerous acclivities, 

 the most conspicuous of which are St. Martha's Chapel, already 

 mentioned, Chinthurst Hill, heights around Godalming, High- 

 down Heath, Hascomb Beech, and the ridge of hills stretching 

 thence by Burgate, Hambledon, Wormley and Barnacle Hill 

 towards Hindhead, where an elevation of upwards of 900 feet 

 above the level of the sea is attained. 



The heights in the immediate vicinity of Godalming offer ex- 

 cellent sections of the Shanklin sand. Holloway Hill affords a 

 good example of the strata, which are composed of loose sandy 

 materials, and abound in large concretions of chert and of Bar- 

 gate-stone, "a conglomerate of quartz-grains and pebbles, held 

 together by a strong calcareous cement, which is hard and sparry, 

 and much used for the purpose of building." 



"The ferruginous concretions termed carstone are abundant 

 on the Witley and Thursley Commons, and from being so com- 

 pact as to ring under the hammer, are called clinkers by the quar- 

 rymen. This stone sometimes occurs in plates or flakes, more 

 than a quarter of an inch in thickness, and curved so as to 

 resemble portions of consecutive layers of petrified wood." It 

 furnishes an excellent road-material ; and gives that remarkable 

 reddish hue to those roads which are Macadamized with this 

 stone. Fragments of brown haematite, a kind of iron ore, occur 

 in this district. There were anciently several iron-furnaces, 

 of which the only memorials are four large ponds, called the 

 Hammer Ponds. 



The only remaining portion of the district to be noticed is that 

 forming the southern boundary, and which is occupied by the 

 clay formation of the northern limit of the thickly wooded weald 

 of Surrey. 



