JET. 61.] DEEP-SEA TEMPEB ATTIRES. 245 



regions, Arctic and Antarctic. This paper was, in fact, 

 a treatise on oceanic circulation in relation to certain 

 geological questions. He had theories to bring for- 

 ward which he had long thought out, and in support 

 of these he had collected and reduced all the obser- 

 vations made, from 1749 to 1868, at great depths. The 

 conditions which these observations proved were dis- 

 cussed, and " the sections of bathymetrical isotherms 

 which extend from Pole to Pole gave results which, 

 in the Pacific especially, were quite new." Besides 

 those of inland seas, 548 observations were recorded 

 in the Northern hemisphere and 522 in the Southern. 

 A valuable adjunct was the map of these deep - sea 

 temperature soundings, with the observations marked 

 in figures. It is not too much to say that the 

 preparation of this memoir, more especially the com- 

 pilation of the tables of submarine temperatures, cost 

 him more real toil than any other of his numerous 

 geological writings. 



Letters from the numerous authorities whom he con- 

 sulted on the subject of temperatures at depths are of 

 great interest. For the Mediterranean temperatures he 

 was indebted to his old friend Admiral Spratt, 1 who 

 supplied him with the soundings made when he was 

 at the head of the survey in the Mediterranean. Sir 

 Edward Belcher sent him voluminous notes, as did 

 likewise Captain Pullen, R.N. Admiral Bedford stated 

 that the temperatures recorded by him from soundings 

 were all his own and his officers' personal observations. 

 In one of Sir Edward Sabine's letters an interesting 

 account is given of his work in taking soundings while 



1 Author of 'Travels and Kesearches in Crete,' and joint author with 

 Edward Forbes of a paper 'On the Geology of a part of Euboaa and 

 Breotia ' ; also of a work, ' Travels in Lycia,' &c. 



